[{"Title":"Literatur","UniqueID":"v87529483_de","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

1. Foxman B: Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: Incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Am J Med 13 Suppl 1A:5S-13S, 2002. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01054-9

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Pathophysiologie","UniqueID":"v1052785_de","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Der Harntrakt – von der Niere bis zur Harnröhrenmündung – ist trotz häufiger Kontamination der vorderen Harnröhre mit Darmbakterien normalerweise steril und gegen eine bakterielle Kolonisation resistent. Die hauptsächliche Abwehr gegen Harnwegsinfektion ist eine vollständige Entleerung der Blase beim Wasserlassen. Andere Mechanismen, die den Harntrakt steril halten, sind der saure pH-Wert des Urins und verschiedene immunologische und Schleimhautbarrieren.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Risikofaktoren","UniqueID":"v9115343_de","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Hinweis zur Pathophysiologie","UniqueID":"v87529494_de","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Ätiologie","UniqueID":"v1052798_de","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Baktereien, die am meisten Zystitis und Pyelonephritis verursachen, sind folgende:

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"cause\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Klassifikation","UniqueID":"v1052812_de","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Eine Infektion der Harnröhre durch Bakterien (oder durch Protozoen, Viren oder Pilze) entsteht, wenn Organismen Zugang finden und akut oder chronisch die zahlreichen periurethralen Drüsen der Pars bulbosa oder pendulans der männlichen Harnröhre bzw. die gesamte weibliche Harnröhre besiedeln. Die sexuell übertragbaren Pathogene Chlamydia trachomatis (siehe Chlamydien-, Mykoplasmen- und Ureaplasmen-Infektionen ), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (siehe Gonorrhö ), Trichomonas vaginalis (siehe Trichomoniasis ) und Herpes-simplex-Virus sind bei beiden Geschlechtern häufige Ursachen.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Urethritis","UniqueID":"v1052814_de","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Zystitis","UniqueID":"v1052825_de","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Akutes Harnröhrensyndrom","UniqueID":"v1052829_de","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Asymptomatische Bakteriurie","UniqueID":"v1052835_de","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Akute Pyelonephritis","UniqueID":"v1052842_de","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Hinweis zur Klassifizierung","UniqueID":"v87529505_de","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Symptome und Beschwerden","UniqueID":"v1052850_de","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

Bei älteren Patienten und Patienten mit einer neurogenen Blase oder Verweilkatheter können sich Sepsis und Delir manifestieren, aber ohne Anzeichen einer Harnwegsinfektion.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"signOrSymptom\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Diagnose","UniqueID":"v1052863_de","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

Urinanalyse

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Uringewinnung","UniqueID":"v1052872_de","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

Urinanalyse

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Urinuntersuchung","UniqueID":"v1052879_de","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Urinanalyse

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Lokalisation der Infektion","UniqueID":"v1052907_de","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Urinanalyse

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Weitere Testverfahren","UniqueID":"v1052913_de","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Urinanalyse

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Diagnosehinweis","UniqueID":"v26438660_de","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

Urinanalyse

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Therapie","UniqueID":"v1052919_de","Index":7.0,"Summary":"

Antibiotika

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[{"Title":"Urethritis","UniqueID":"v1052928_de","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

Antibiotika

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Zystitis","UniqueID":"v1052932_de","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Antibiotika

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Akutes Harnröhrensyndrom","UniqueID":"v1052939_de","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Antibiotika

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Asymptomatische Bakteriurie","UniqueID":"v1052943_de","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Antibiotika

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Akute Pyelonephritis","UniqueID":"v1052950_de","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

Antibiotika

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Literatur zur Behandlung","UniqueID":"v46185312_de","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

Antibiotika

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Vorbeugung","UniqueID":"v1052955_de","Index":8.0,"Summary":"

Bei Frauen mit rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfektionen sollte die körperliche Untersuchung auch eine Beckenuntersuchung umfassen, um behandelbare Erkrankungen wie vulvovaginale Atrophie, Harnröhrendivertikel, Stuhlinkontinenz und Vaginalprolaps zu erkennen. Männer mit rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfektionen sollten auf Prostatitis , Urethritis und unvollständige Blasenentleerung untersucht werden.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Literatur zur Prävention","UniqueID":"v46185320_de","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Wichtige Punkte","UniqueID":"v9115490_de","Index":9.0,"Summary":"

Die häufigsten Ursachen von bakteriellen Harnwegsinfektionen und Harnwegsinfektionen insgesamt sind E. coli und andere gram-negative Enterobakterien.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]