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  1. <Quick facts
    Quick Facts: Children's Health Issues
    Bone Disorders in Children
    • Scoliosis
      • What is scoliosis?
      • What causes scoliosis?
      • What are the symptoms of scoliosis?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has scoliosis?
      • How do doctors treat scoliosis?
    • Osgood-Schlatter Disease
      • What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
      • What are the symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter disease?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has Osgood-Schlatter disease?
      • How do doctors treat Osgood-Schlatter disease?
    Cystic Fibrosis
    • Cystic Fibrosis
      • What is cystic fibrosis?
      • What causes cystic fibrosis?
      • What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has cystic fibrosis?
      • How do doctors treat cystic fibrosis?
    Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children
    • Acute Middle Ear Infection in Children
      • What is a middle ear infection?
      • What causes ear infections?
      • What are the symptoms of an ear infection?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has an ear infection?
      • How is an ear infection treated?
        • Medicine for your child’s symptoms
        • Antibiotics
        • Eardrum puncture
      • How can I prevent ear infections in my child?
    • Chronic Middle Ear Infection in Children
      • What is a chronic middle ear infection?
      • What causes chronic ear infections?
      • What are the symptoms of a chronic ear infection?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has a chronic ear infection?
      • How is a chronic ear infection treated?
    • Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids
      • What are tonsils and adenoids?
      • What causes tonsils and adenoids to enlarge?
      • What are the symptoms of having enlarged tonsils and adenoids?
      • How can doctors tell if my child’s tonsils or adenoids are too big?
      • How do doctors treat enlarged tonsils and adenoids?
    • Hearing Problems in Children
      • What causes hearing loss in children?
      • What are the symptoms of hearing loss in children?
        • Symptoms of very bad hearing loss
        • Symptoms of mild to moderate hearing loss
      • How can doctors tell if my child has hearing loss?
      • How do doctors treat hearing loss in children?
    • Neck Lumps in Children
      • What causes a neck lump?
      • How can doctors tell what’s causing the neck lump?
      • How do doctors treat neck lumps?
    • Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
      • What is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP)?
      • What causes RRP?
      • What are the symptoms of RRP?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has RRP?
      • How do doctors treat RRP?
    • Juvenile Angiofibromas
      • What are juvenile angiofibromas?
      • What are the symptoms of juvenile angiofibromas?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has a juvenile angiofibroma?
      • How do doctors treat juvenile angiofibromas?
    • Fluid in the Ear (Secretory Otitis Media) in Children
      • What is secretory otitis media?
      • What causes secretory otitis media?
      • What are the symptoms of secretory otitis media?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has secretory otitis media?
      • How do doctors treat secretory otitis media?
    Learning and Developmental Disorders
    • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
      • What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
      • What causes ADHD?
      • What are the symptoms of ADHD?
        • ADHD in children
        • ADHD in adults
      • How can doctors tell if my child has ADHD?
      • How do doctors treat ADHD?
    • Autism
      • What is autism?
      • What are the symptoms of autism?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has autism?
      • How is autism treated?
    • Learning Disorders
      • What are learning disorders?
      • What are the symptoms of learning disorders?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has a learning disorder?
      • How are learning disorders treated?
    • Dyslexia
      • What is dyslexia?
      • What causes dyslexia?
      • What are the symptoms of dyslexia?
      • How can I tell if my child has dyslexia?
      • How is dyslexia treated?
    • Intellectual Disability
      • What is intellectual disability?
      • What causes intellectual disability?
      • What are the symptoms of intellectual disability?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has intellectual disability?
      • How do doctors treat intellectual disability?
    Neurologic Disorders in Children
    • Cerebral Palsy
      • What is cerebral palsy (CP)?
      • What causes CP?
      • What are the symptoms of CP?
      • How does the doctor know if my child has CP?
      • How do doctors treat CP?
    • Febrile Seizures
      • What are febrile seizures?
      • What causes febrile seizures?
      • What are the symptoms of febrile seizures?
      • What tests will the doctor do?
      • How do doctors treat febrile seizures?
      • Will my child have more seizures?
    • Seizures in Children
      • What are seizures?
      • What happens to a child during a seizure?
      • What is epilepsy?
      • What causes seizures in children?
      • What does a seizure look like?
      • Can seizures damage the brain?
      • What should I do if my child is having a seizure?
      • What does the doctor do after a child has a seizure?
        • This is my child's first seizure
        • My child has had seizures before
      • How do doctors treat seizures?
        • To stop a seizure
        • To prevent a seizure
    • Infantile Spasms
      • What are infantile spasms?
      • What do infantile spasms look like?
      • What causes infantile spasms?
      • How do doctors know if my baby is having infantile spasms?
      • What is the treatment for infantile spasms?
    • Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders in Children and Adolescents
      • What are tics?
      • Who gets tics?
      • What causes tics?
      • What are the symptoms of tics?
      • How do doctors diagnose a tic disorder?
      • How do doctors treat tic disorders?
    Vaccination of Children
    • Childhood Vaccinations
      • What are vaccinations (vaccines)?
      • Do vaccines work?
      • If infections are rare, why should my child get vaccines?
      • What diseases can be prevented by vaccines?
      • Are vaccines safe?
    Social Issues Affecting Children and Their Families
    • Bullying
      • What is bullying?
      • How can I tell if someone is being bullied?
      • What should I do if I am bullied?
      • What should I do if I see someone else being bullied?
      • Where can I find more information?
    • Children and Death and Dying
      • How does the death of a child affect a family?
      • How should I explain the death of a family member or loved one to children?
      • Should children visit sick or dying people in the hospital?
      • Should children attend the funeral of a loved one?
      • Where can I find more information?
    Respiratory Disorders in Infants and Children
    • Asthma in Children
      • What is asthma?
      • What causes asthma in children?
      • What are the symptoms of asthma in children?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has asthma?
      • How do doctors treat asthma in children?
      • How can I help my child prevent asthma attacks?
      • How does a child take asthma medicine?
        • Inhalers
        • Nebulizers
    • Bronchiolitis
      • What is bronchiolitis?
      • What causes bronchiolitis?
      • What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has bronchiolitis?
      • How do doctors treat bronchiolitis?
    • Croup
      • What is croup?
      • When should my child see a doctor for croup?
      • What causes croup?
      • What are the symptoms of croup?
      • How do doctors tell if my child has croup?
      • How do doctors treat croup?
    • Wheezing in Infants and Young Children
      • What is wheezing?
      • When should my child see a doctor?
      • What causes wheezing in children?
      • What will happen at my child’s doctor visit?
      • What tests will my child need?
      • How do doctors treat wheezing in children?
        • Inhalers
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children
    • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children
      • What is HIV?
        • What is Late-Stage HIV?
      • How do children get HIV?
      • What are the symptoms of HIV in children?
      • How can doctors tell if a child has HIV?
      • How do doctors treat HIV in children?
      • How can I prevent my child from getting HIV?
    Hormonal Disorders in Children
    • Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Children and Adolescents
      • What is diabetes?
        • Types of diabetes
      • What causes diabetes?
      • What are the symptoms of diabetes?
      • What are the complications of diabetes?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has diabetes?
      • How do doctors treat diabetes?
        • Treating type 1 diabetes
        • Treating type 2 diabetes
      • Are children and teens with diabetes at risk for emotional problems?
      • How can I prevent diabetes?
    • Delayed Puberty
      • What is puberty?
      • What is delayed puberty?
      • What causes delayed puberty?
      • What are the symptoms of delayed puberty?
      • When should my child see a doctor for delayed puberty?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has delayed puberty?
      • How do doctors treat delayed puberty?
    • Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
      • What is growth hormone deficiency?
      • What causes growth hormone deficiency?
      • What are the symptoms of growth hormone deficiency?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has growth hormone deficiency?
      • How do doctors treat growth hormone deficiency?
    Bacterial Infections in Infants and Children
    • Occult Bacteremia
      • What is occult bacteremia?
      • What causes occult bacteremia?
      • What are the symptoms of occult bacteremia?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has occult bacteremia?
      • How do doctors treat occult bacteremia?
    • Meningitis in Children
      • What is meningitis?
      • What causes meningitis?
      • Who is most likely to get meningitis?
      • What are the symptoms of meningitis?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has meningitis?
      • How do doctors treat meningitis?
      • How can I prevent meningitis?
    • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children
      • What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
      • What causes UTIs?
      • What are the symptoms of a UTI?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has a UTI?
      • How do doctors treat UTIs?
      • How can I prevent my child from getting a UTI?
    Digestive Disorders in Children
    • Gastroenteritis in Children
      • What is gastroenteritis?
      • What causes gastroenteritis?
      • What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis?
        • What are the complications of gastroenteritis?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has gastroenteritis?
      • How do doctors treat gastroenteritis?
      • How can I prevent gastroenteritis?
    • Umbilical Hernia in Children
      • What is an umbilical hernia?
      • What are the symptoms of an umbilical hernia?
        • What are the complications of umbilical hernias?
      • How to doctors treat umbilical hernias in children?
    • Pyloric Stenosis
      • What is pyloric stenosis?
      • What are symptoms of pyloric stenosis?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has pyloric stenosis?
      • How do doctors treat pyloric stenosis?
    • Intussusception
      • What is intussusception?
      • What causes intussusception?
      • What are the symptoms of intussusception?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has intussusception?
      • How do doctors treat intussusception?
    • Appendicitis in Children
      • What is appendicitis?
      • What causes appendicitis?
      • What are the symptoms of appendicitis?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has appendicitis?
      • How do doctors treat appendicitis?
    • Inguinal Hernia in Children
      • What is an inguinal hernia?
      • What are the symptoms of an inguinal hernia?
        • What are the complications of inguinal hernias?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has an inguinal hernia?
      • How to doctors treat inguinal hernias in children?
    • Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
      • What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
      • What causes reflux in children?
      • What are the symptoms of reflux in children?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has reflux?
      • How do doctors treat GERD in children?
    • Meckel Diverticulum
      • What is a Meckel diverticulum?
      • What are the symptoms of a Meckel diverticulum?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has Meckel diverticulum?
      • How do doctors treat a Meckel diverticulum?
    Common Viral Infections in Infants and Children
    • Viral Central Nervous System Infections in Children
      • What are viral central nervous system (CNS) infections?
      • What causes viral CNS infections in children?
      • What are the symptoms of a viral CNS infection in children?
        • Are there any complications of a viral CNS infection?
      • How will doctors know if my child has a viral CNS infection?
      • How do doctors treat viral CNS infections in children?
    • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
      • What is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?
      • What causes RSV infection?
      • What are the symptoms of RSV infection?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has RSV?
      • How do doctors treat RSV ?
      • How do doctors prevent RSV?
    • Rotavirus Infection
      • What is rotavirus infection?
      • What causes rotavirus infection?
      • What are the symptoms of rotavirus infection?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has rotavirus infection?
      • How do doctors treat rotavirus infection?
      • How can I prevent my child from getting rotavirus infection?
    • Measles
      • What is measles?
      • What causes measles?
      • What are the symptoms of measles?
      • What problems does measles cause?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has measles?
      • How do doctors treat measles?
      • How can I prevent measles?
    • Overview of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Children
      • What are viral respiratory tract infections?
      • What causes viral respiratory tract infections in children?
      • What are the symptoms of a viral respiratory tract infection?
      • When should my child see a doctor for a viral respiratory tract infection?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has a viral respiratory tract infection?
      • How do doctors treat viral respiratory tract infections in children?
      • How can I prevent a viral respiratory tract infection in my child?
    Chromosomal and Genetic Abnormalities
    • Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
      • What is Down syndrome?
      • What causes Down syndrome?
      • What are the symptoms of Down syndrome?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has Down syndrome?
      • How do doctors treat Down syndrome?
    • Genes and Chromosomes
      • What are genes?
        • What are genes made of?
      • What are chromosomes?
      • What is a genetic disorder?
      • What causes genetic disorders?
    Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Young Children
    • Teething
      • What is teething?
      • What are the symptoms of teething?
      • How can I treat symptoms of teething?
    • Feeding Problems
      • What are feeding problems?
      • What is spitting up?
        • How can I prevent spitting up?
      • What is throwing up?
      • What is overfeeding?
      • What is underfeeding?
    • Dehydration in Children
      • What is dehydration in children?
      • What are the symptoms of dehydration?
      • How do doctors treat dehydration in children?
    • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
      • What is SIDS?
      • What causes SIDS?
      • How can I prevent SIDS?
      • Are there resources for parents who have lost an infant to SIDS?
    • Failure to Thrive
      • What is failure to thrive?
      • What causes failure to thrive?
      • What are the symptoms of failure to thrive?
      • How can doctors tell if my child isn't thriving?
      • How do doctors treat failure to thrive?
    Problems in Adolescents
    • Substance Use in Adolescents
      • What illicit substances are most commonly used by adolescents?
        • Alcohol
        • Tobacco
      • What should I do if my adolescent is using or abusing substances?
    Gastrointestinal (GI) and Liver Problems in Newborns
    • Jaundice in Newborns
      • What is jaundice?
      • What causes jaundice in newborns?
      • When should my baby see a doctor for jaundice?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has jaundice?
      • How do doctors treat jaundice in newborns?
    • Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
      • What is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
      • What causes NEC?
      • What are the symptoms of NEC?
        • What are the complications of NEC?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has NEC?
      • How do doctors treat NEC?
      • What can prevent my baby from getting NEC?
    Behavioral Problems in Children
    • Breath-Holding Spells
      • What are breath-holding spells?
      • What causes breath-holding spells?
        • Is my child breath-holding on purpose?
      • What are the symptoms of a breath-holding spell?
      • How do doctors diagnose breath-holding spells?
      • How do doctors treat breath-holding spells?
    • Eating Problems in Young Children
      • What eating problems do young children have?
        • Why doesn't my child eat at meals?
        • Why does my child eat too much?
      • How do doctors know if my child has an eating problem?
      • How do I make sure my child eats the right foods?
    • School Avoidance
      • What is school avoidance?
      • What causes school avoidance?
      • How can I treat my child’s school avoidance?
    • Sleep Problems in Children
      • What are nightmares?
      • What are night terrors?
      • What is sleepwalking?
      • Why don't some children go to bed easily?
      • Why do infants and young children wake up during the night?
    • Temper Tantrums
      • What is a temper tantrum?
      • How can I help my child during a temper tantrum?
    • Violence in Children and Adolescents
      • What makes children more likely to be violent?
      • How can I prevent my child from becoming violent?
    Mental Health Disorders in Children and Adolescents
    • Overview of Mental Health Disorders in Children and Adolescents
      • What causes mental health disorders in children?
      • What are the symptoms of mental health disorders in children?
      • How do doctors tell if my child has a mental health disorder?
      • How do doctors treat mental health disorders in children?
    • Overview of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents
      • What are anxiety disorders?
      • What are the symptoms of anxiety disorders in children?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has an anxiety disorder?
      • How do doctors treat anxiety disorders in children?
    • Separation Anxiety Disorder
      • What is separation anxiety disorder?
      • What causes separation anxiety disorder?
      • What are the symptoms of separation anxiety disorder?
      • How do doctors treat separation anxiety disorder?
    • Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents
      • What is social anxiety disorder?
      • How do doctors treat social anxiety disorder in children?
    • Conduct Disorder
      • What is conduct disorder?
      • What are the symptoms of conduct disorder?
      • How do doctors tell if my child has conduct disorder?
      • How do doctors treat conduct disorder?
    • Depression in Children and Adolescents
      • What is depression?
      • What causes depression in children?
      • What are the symptoms of depression in children?
      • How do doctors treat depression in children?
    • Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Children and Adolescents
      • What is nonsuicidal self-injury?
      • What causes children to hurt themselves?
      • How can I help children who are hurting themselves?
      • How do doctors treat children who hurt themselves?
    • Oppositional Defiant Disorder
      • What is oppositional defiant disorder?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has oppositional defiant disorder?
      • How do doctors treat oppositional defiant disorder?
    • Suicidal Behavior in Children and Adolescents
      • What is suicidal behavior ?
      • What causes suicidal behavior in children?
      • What are symptoms of suicidal behavior?
      • How do doctors treat suicidal behavior in children?
    Lung and Breathing Problems in Newborns
    • Apnea of Prematurity
      • What is apnea of prematurity?
      • What causes apnea of prematurity?
      • What are the symptoms of apnea of prematurity?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has apnea of prematurity?
      • How do doctors treat apnea of prematurity?
    • Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
      • What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)?
      • What causes BPD?
      • What are the symptoms of BPD?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has BPD?
      • How do doctors treat BPD?
    • Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
      • What is meconium aspiration syndrome?
      • What are the symptoms of meconium aspiration syndrome?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has meconium aspiration syndrome?
      • How do doctors treat meconium aspiration syndrome?
    • Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Newborns
      • What is respiratory distress syndrome in newborns?
      • What causes respiratory distress syndrome?
      • What are the symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has respiratory distress syndrome?
      • How do doctors treat respiratory distress syndrome?
    Birth Defects of the Brain and Spinal Cord
    • Hydrocephalus
      • What is hydrocephalus?
      • What causes hydrocephalus?
      • What are the symptoms of hydrocephalus?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has hydrocephalus?
      • How do doctors treat hydrocephalus?
    • Microcephaly
      • What is microcephaly?
      • What causes microcephaly?
      • What are the symptoms of microcephaly?
      • How can doctors tell if a baby has microcephaly?
      • How do doctors treat microcephaly?
    • Spina Bifida
      • What is spina bifida?
      • What causes spina bifida?
      • What are the symptoms of spina bifida?
      • How can doctors tell if a baby has spina bifida?
      • How do doctors treat spina bifida?
      • Can spina bifida be prevented?
    Connective Tissue Disorders in Children
    • Chondromalacia Patellae
      • What is chondromalacia patellae?
      • What causes chondromalacia patellae?
      • What are the symptoms of chondromalacia patellae?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has chondromalacia patellae?
      • How do doctors treat chondromalacia patellae?
    • Marfan Syndrome
      • What is Marfan syndrome?
      • What causes Marfan syndrome?
      • What are the symptoms of Marfan syndrome?
      • How can doctors tell if I have Marfan syndrome?
      • How do doctors treat Marfan syndrome?
      • Where can I get more information about Marfan syndrome?
    Eye Disorders in Children
    • Amblyopia
      • What is amblyopia?
      • What causes amblyopia?
      • What are the symptoms of amblyopia?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has amblyopia?
      • How do doctors treat amblyopia?
    • Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
      • What is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?
      • What causes ROP?
      • What are the symptoms of ROP?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has ROP?
      • How do doctors treat ROP?
    • Strabismus
      • What is strabismus?
      • What causes strabismus?
      • What are the symptoms of strabismus?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has strabismus?
      • How do doctors treat strabismus?
    General Problems in Newborns
    • Preterm (Premature) Baby
      • What is a preterm baby?
      • What causes a baby to be born too early?
      • What are symptoms of a preterm baby?
      • What complications do preterm babies have?
      • How do doctors treat preterm babies?
      • How can I keep my baby from being born too early?
    • Small-for-Gestational-Age Baby
      • What is a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby?
      • What causes a baby to be small for gestational age?
      • What are the symptoms of a baby being small for gestational age?
      • What complications do small-for-gestational-age babies have?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby is small for gestational age?
      • How do doctors treat babies who are small for gestational age?
    Birth Defects of the Digestive Tract
    • Abdominal Wall Defects
      • What is an abdominal wall defect?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has an abdominal wall defect?
      • How do doctors treat abdominal wall defects?
    • Anorectal Malformations
      • What are anorectal malformations?
      • What are the symptoms of anorectal malformations?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has an anorectal malformation?
      • How do doctors treat anorectal malformations?
    • Biliary Atresia
      • What is biliary atresia?
      • What are the symptoms of biliary atresia?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has biliary atresia?
      • How do doctors treat biliary atresia?
    • Diaphragmatic Hernia
      • What is a diaphragmatic hernia?
      • What causes a diaphragmatic hernia?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has a diaphragmatic hernia?
      • How do doctors treat a diaphragmatic hernia?
    • Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
      • What are esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?
      • What are the symptoms of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?
      • How do doctors treat esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?
    • Hirschsprung Disease
      • What is Hirschsprung disease?
      • What are the symptoms of Hirschsprung disease?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has Hirschsprung disease?
      • How do doctors treat Hirschsprung disease?
    • Intestinal Malrotation
      • What is intestinal malrotation?
      • What are the symptoms of intestinal malrotation?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has intestinal malrotation?
      • How do doctors treat intestinal malrotation?
    Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children
    • Neurofibromatosis
      • What is neurofibromatosis?
      • What causes neurofibromatosis?
      • What are the symptoms of neurofibromatosis?
      • How do doctors know if my child has neurofibromatosis?
      • How do doctors treat neurofibromatosis?
      • How can I prevent neurofibromatosis?
    • Sturge-Weber Syndrome
      • What is Sturge-Weber syndrome?
      • What causes Sturge-Weber syndrome?
      • What are the symptoms of Sturge-Weber syndrome?
      • How do doctors know if my child has Sturge-Weber syndrome?
      • How do doctors treat Sturge-Weber syndrome?
    • Von Hippel–Lindau Disease (VHL)
      • What is von Hippel-Lindau disease?
      • What causes von Hippel-Lindau disease?
      • What are the symptoms of von Hippel-Lindau disease?
      • What are the tests for von Hippel-Lindau disease?
      • How do doctors treat von Hippel-Lindau disease?
      • How can I prevent von Hippel-Lindau disease?
    • Tuberous Sclerosis
      • What is tuberous sclerosis?
      • What causes tuberous sclerosis?
      • What are the symptoms of tuberous sclerosis?
      • How do doctors know my baby has tuberous sclerosis?
      • How do doctors treat tuberous sclerosis?
      • How can I prevent tuberous sclerosis in my baby?
    Birth Defects of the Heart
    • Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defects
      • What are atrial and ventricular septal defects?
      • What causes ASDs and VSDs?
      • What are the symptoms of ASDs and VSDs?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has an ASD or VSD?
      • How do doctors treat ASDs and VSDs?
    • Coarctation of the Aorta
      • What is coarctation of the aorta?
      • What causes coarctation of the aorta?
      • What are the symptoms of coarctation of the aorta?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has coarctation of the aorta?
      • How do doctors treat coarctation of the aorta?
    • Patent Ductus Arteriosus
      • What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
      • What causes PDA?
      • What are the symptoms of PDA?
      • How can doctors tell if my baby has PDA?
      • How do doctors treat PDA?
    • Tetralogy of Fallot
      • What is tetralogy of Fallot?
      • What causes tetralogy of Fallot?
      • What are the symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has tetralogy of Fallot?
      • How do doctors treat tetralogy of Fallot?
    Childhood Cancers
    • Overview of Brain Tumors in Children
      • What are brain tumors in children?
      • What causes brain tumors in children?
      • What are the symptoms of a brain tumor in children?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has a brain tumor?
      • How do doctors treat brain tumors in children?
    • Neuroblastoma
      • What is neuroblastoma?
      • What causes neuroblastoma?
      • What are the symptoms of neuroblastoma?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has neuroblastoma?
      • How do doctors treat neuroblastoma?
    • Retinoblastoma
      • What is retinoblastoma?
      • What causes retinoblastoma?
      • What are the symptoms of retinoblastoma?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has retinoblastoma?
      • How do doctors treat retinoblastoma?
    • Rhabdomyosarcoma
      • What is rhabdomyosarcoma?
      • What causes rhabdomyosarcoma?
      • What are the symptoms of rhabdomyosarcoma?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has rhabdomyosarcoma?
      • How do doctors treat rhabdomyosarcoma?
    • Wilms Tumor
      • What is Wilms tumor?
      • What causes Wilms tumor?
      • What are the symptoms of Wilms tumor?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has Wilms tumor?
      • How do doctors treat Wilms tumor?
    Muscular Dystrophies and Related Disorders
    • Muscular Dystrophy
      • What is muscular dystrophy?
      • What causes muscular dystrophies?
      • What are the symptoms of muscular dystrophies?
      • How can doctors tell if I have muscular dystrophies?
      • How do doctors treat muscular dystrophies?
      • Where can I get more information about muscular dystrophies?
    Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
    • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
      • What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
      • What causes JIA?
      • What are the symptoms of JIA?
        • What are the complications of JIA?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has JIA?
      • How do doctors treat JIA?
    Hereditary Metabolic Disorders
    • Overview of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders
      • What is metabolism?
      • What is a hereditary metabolic disorder?
      • What causes hereditary metabolic disorders?
      • What are the symptoms of hereditary metabolic disorders?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has a hereditary metabolic disorder?
      • How do doctors treat hereditary metabolic disorders?
    • Phenylketonuria (PKU)
      • What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
      • What causes PKU?
      • What are the symptoms of PKU?
      • How can doctors tell if my child has PKU?
      • How do doctors treat PKU?
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