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HEALTH TOPICSHEALTHY LIVINGSYMPTOMSEMERGENCIESRESOURCESCOMMENTARYABOUT US
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  1. <Health Topics
    Special Subjects
    The Human Body
    • Introduction to the Human Body
    • Cells
      • Structure of cells
      • Function of cells
    • Tissues and Organs
    • Organ Systems
      • Organ systems working together
    • Barriers on the Outside and the Inside
    • Mind-Body Interactions
    • Anatomy and Disease
    Death and Dying
    • Introduction to Death and Dying
      • More Information
    • Time Course of Dying
      • Communicating with a dying person
    • Choices to Make Before Death
      • Choosing a health care team for end-of-life care
      • Choosing to donate organs after death
    • Treatment Options at the End of Life
      • Feeding tubes
      • Resuscitation
      • Location
      • Making choices known
    • Hospice Care and Palliative Care
      • Hospice Care
      • Palliative Care
      • More Information
    • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness
      • Pain
      • Shortness of Breath
      • Digestive Tract Problems
        • Dry mouth
        • Nausea and vomiting
        • Constipation
        • Difficulty swallowing
        • Loss of appetite
      • Incontinence
      • Pressure Sores
      • Fatigue
      • Depression and Anxiety
      • Confusion and Unconsciousness
      • Stress
      • Frailty, Dementia, and Neuromuscular Diseases
    • Financial Concerns at the End of Life
    • Legal and Ethical Concerns at the End of Life
      • Advance directives
      • Suicide
      • More Information
    • Acceptance of Death and Dying
    • When Death Is Near
    • When Death Occurs
    Exercise and Fitness
    • Exercise in Older Adults
      • Exercise program
    • Overview of Exercise
      • Exercise Programs
      • More Information
    • Benefits of Exercise
      • Other reasons for exercise
    • Starting an Exercise Program
      • Screening for sports participation
      • Type of Exercise
        • Aerobic exercise
        • Strength training
        • Stretching and flexibility
        • Balance training
      • Workload and Variation
    • Exercising Safely
      • Warming up
      • Cooling down
      • Hydration
    • Choosing the Right Exercise
      • Walking
      • Swimming
      • Bicycling
      • Aerobic dancing
      • Step aerobics
      • Water aerobics
      • Cross-country skiing
      • Rowing
      • Strength training
      • Pilates
      • Tai chi
      • Yoga
      • Elliptical machines
      • Other activities
    Genetics
    • Genes and Chromosomes
      • Genes
        • DNA
        • Synthesizing proteins
        • Coding
        • Transcription and translation
        • Control of gene expression
        • Replication
        • Mutation
      • Chromosomes
        • Pairing
        • Sex chromosomes
        • Chromosome abnormalities
        • Mitochondrial chromosomes
      • Traits
      • Genetic Disorders
    • Inheritance of Single-Gene Disorders
      • Penetrance and expressivity
      • Inheritance Patterns
        • Non–X-Linked (Autosomal) Inheritance
        • X-Linked Inheritance
        • Sex-Limited Inheritance
        • Abnormal Mitochondrial Genes
    • Genetic Diagnostic Technologies
      • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
      • Gene probes
      • DNA microarrays (DNA chips)
      • Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH)
      • Next-generation sequencing technologies
    • Uses of Genetics in Health Care
      • Understanding disorders
      • Diagnosing disorders
      • Preconception or prenatal genetic testing
      • Responding to medications
      • Treating diseases
    • Gene Therapy
      • Viral transfection
      • Liposomes
      • Antisense technology
      • Chemical modification
      • Transplantation therapy
      • CRISPR-CAS9
    • Ethical Controversies in Genetics
      • Cloning
      • Gene Editing
    Legal and Ethical Issues
    • Overview of Legal and Ethical Issues in Health Care
    • Capacity to Make Health Care Decisions
      • Legal incapacity (or incompetency)
      • Clinical incapacity
      • More Information
    • Informed Consent
      • Refusing care
    • Confidentiality and HIPAA
    • Advance Directives
      • Living Will
        • Examples of language
        • Limitations
      • Health Care Power of Attorney
    • Default Surrogate Decision Making
      • Adults
      • Children
      • Legal Standard for Making Medical Decisions
    • Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Orders
      • Portable Medical Orders
    • Medical Malpractice
      • Licensing
      • More Information
    Making the Most of Health Care
    • Using Telemedicine
      • How to make the most of telemedicine
    • Introduction to Making the Most of Health Care
    • The Primary Health Care Professional
    • When to See a Doctor
      • Routine visits
      • Visits for a problem
      • Visits to the emergency department
    • Making the Most of a Health Care Visit
      • First visit
      • Subsequent visits
    • Getting a Second Opinion
    • Handling Medical Records
    • Researching a Disorder
    Prevention
    • Overview of Preventive Care
      • More Information
    • Tools of Prevention
      • Healthy Lifestyle
      • Vaccination
      • Screening
      • Preventive Medication Therapy
    • Prevention in Older Adults
      • Lifestyle
      • Medications and vaccines
      • Injury prevention
      • Driving
    Rehabilitation
    • Rehabilitation for Heart Disorders
      • More Information
    • Rehabilitation After a Brain Injury
      • More Information
    • Rehabilitation After a Spinal Injury
      • More Information
    • Rehabilitation After a Hip Fracture
    • Rehabilitation After Limb Amputation
      • Arm (upper-limb) amputation
      • Leg (lower-limb) amputation
      • Care of the residual limb (stump)
      • Pain
      • More Information
    • Rehabilitation for Speech Disorders
      • Aphasia
      • Dysarthria
      • Verbal apraxia
    • Rehabilitation for Blindness
      • More Information
    • Rehabilitation for Other Disorders
      • Chronic pain
      • Arthritis
      • Foot drop
      • Rehabilitation for nerve damage after a critical illness
    • Overview of Rehabilitation
      • Setting
      • Goals
    • Treatment of Pain and Inflammation
      • Heat therapy
      • Low-level laser therapy (cold laser)
      • Cold therapy (cryotherapy)
      • Electrical stimulation
      • Traction
      • Massage
      • Acupuncture
    • Physical Therapy (PT)
      • Range-of-motion exercises
      • Muscle-strengthening exercises
      • Coordination and balance exercises
      • Ambulation exercises
      • General conditioning exercises
      • Transfer training
      • Tilt table
      • More Information
    • Occupational Therapy (OT)
      • Assistive devices
      • More Information
    Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
    • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
      • Causes
        • Infectious diseases
        • Immunologic abnormalities
        • Genetic and environmental factors
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
        • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
        • Graded exercise
        • Medication and alternative therapies
      • More Information
    Common Imaging Tests
    • Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
      • Procedure for PET
      • Uses of PET
        • Heart
        • Brain
        • Cancer
      • Variations of PET
        • PET computed tomography (PET-CT)
      • Disadvantages of PET
    • Risks of Radiation in Medical Imaging
      • Radiation risk during infancy and early childhood
      • Radiation risk during pregnancy
    • Radiographic Contrast Agents
      • Radiopaque Contrast Agents
        • Side effects of radiopaque contrast agents
        • Kidney damage
      • Paramagnetic Contrast Agents
        • Side effects of paramagnetic contrast agents
    • Overview of Imaging Tests
    • Angiography
      • Procedure for Angiography
      • Uses of Angiography
      • Types of Conventional Angiography
        • Arteriography
        • Venography
        • Digital subtraction angiography
      • Disadvantages of Angiography
    • Computed Tomography (CT)
      • Procedure for CT
      • Uses of CT
      • Variations of CT
        • CT angiography
        • Other variations
      • Disadvantages of CT
      • More Information
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
      • Procedure for MRI
      • Uses of MRI
      • Variations of MRI
        • Functional MRI
        • Perfusion MRI
        • Diffusion-weighted MRI
        • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
        • Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
        • Magnetic resonance venography
        • Echo planar imaging
      • Disadvantages of MRI
        • Problems related to the small enclosed space
        • Magnetic field effects
        • Reactions to the MRI contrast agent
    • X-Rays
      • Procedure for X-Rays
      • Uses of X-Rays
      • Mammography
      • Variations of X-Rays
        • X-rays with a radiopaque contrast agent
        • Fluoroscopy
      • Disadvantages of X-Rays
        • Radiation exposure
        • Other disadvantages
    • Radionuclide Scanning
      • Procedure for Radionuclide Scanning
        • Labeling with a radionuclide
        • Tracking the radionuclide
        • Before, during, and after the procedure
      • Uses of Radionuclide Scanning
      • Variations of Radionuclide Scanning
        • Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
      • Disadvantages of Radionuclide Scanning
    • Ultrasound
      • Procedure for Ultrasound
      • Uses of Ultrasound
      • Variations of Ultrasound
        • Doppler ultrasound
        • Spectral Doppler ultrasound
        • Duplex Doppler ultrasound
        • Color Doppler ultrasound
      • Disadvantages of Ultrasound
    Dietary Supplements and Vitamins
    • Adaptogens
      • What Are Adaptogens?
      • Do Adaptogens Work?
      • Recommendations
    • Ashwagandha
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    • Astragalus
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Bacopa
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    • Cannabidiol (CBD)
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Holy Basil
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    • Intravenous Vitamin Therapy (Myers' Cocktail)
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    • Multivitamins and Megavitamins
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    • Reishi
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    • Rhodiola
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Overview of Dietary Supplements
      • Safety and Effectiveness
      • Purity and Standardization
      • Interactions With Drugs
      • Other Concerns
      • More Information
    • Black Cohosh
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Chamomile
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Chondroitin Sulfate
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Chromium
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Cranberry
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Creatine
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    • Echinacea
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Feverfew
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Fish Oil
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Garlic
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Ginger
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Ginkgo
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Ginseng
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Glucosamine
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Goldenseal
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Green Tea
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Kava
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Licorice
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Melatonin
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Milk Thistle
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe)
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Saw Palmetto
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • St. John’s Wort
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Valerian
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
      • More Information
    • Zinc Supplements
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    • Apoaequorin
      • Claims
      • Evidence
      • Side Effects
      • Drug Interactions
      • Recommendations
    Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault
    • Domestic Violence
      • Types of Domestic Violence
        • Physical abuse
        • Sexual assault
        • Psychological abuse
        • Stalking
        • Abuse using technology
      • Ongoing Abuse
        • The perpetrator's behavior after an incident of abuse
        • Reasons victims remain in an abusive relationship
      • Effects of Domestic Violence
      • Evaluation
      • Management
      • More Information
    • Sexual Assault and Rape
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Posttraumatic stress disorder
        • Risk of infection or pregnancy
      • Evaluation
        • Testing and evidence collection
      • Treatment
        • Providing psychological support
        • Preventing or treating infections
        • Preventing pregnancy
      • More Information
    Hospital Care
    • Hospital Care Team Members
      • Attending physician
      • Residents, interns, and medical students (house staff)
      • Specialists
      • Registered nurses
      • Licensed practical nurses
      • Nurse practitioners and physician’s assistants
      • Patient advocates
      • Patient care technicians
      • Physical therapists
      • Occupational therapists
      • Speech pathologists
      • Hospital pharmacists
      • Social workers
      • Dietitians
      • Interpreters
      • Rapid response team
      • Other team members
    • During a Hospital Day
      • What may happen during a hospital stay
    • Special Care Units
      • Types of units
      • Isolation
    • Problems Due to Hospitalization
    • Hospital-Acquired Infections
      • Lung infections
      • Urinary tract infections
      • Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections
    • Problems Due to Bed Rest
      • Blood clots
      • Constipation
      • Depression
      • Pressure sores
      • Weak bones
      • Weak muscles and stiff joints
      • Prevention of Problems Due to Bed Rest
    • Undernutrition Due to Hospitalization
      • Prevention of Undernutrition Due to Hospitalization
    • Confusion and Mental Decline Due to Hospitalization
      • Prevention of Confusion and Mental Decline in the Hospital
    • Incontinence Due to Hospitalization
      • Prevention of Incontinence in the Hospital
    • Inability to Urinate Due to Hospitalization
      • Prevention of Urinary Retention in the Hospital
    • Falls Due to Hospitalization
      • Prevention of Falls in the Hospital
    • Lack of Sleep Due to Hospitalization
      • Prevention of Sleep Problems in the Hospital
    • Errors in Hospital Care
    • Hospital Care for Older Adults
      • Preventive Strategies
      • Treatment
    • Being Admitted to the Hospital
      • Registration
      • What to Bring to the Hospital
        • Personal items
        • Current prescription medications
      • After Admission
        • Intravenous (IV) lines
        • Preferences for resuscitation
    • Being Discharged From the Hospital
      • Obtaining medications
    Integrative, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine
    • Types of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
      • Whole Medical Systems
      • Mind-Body Medicine
      • Biologically Based Therapies
      • Manipulative and Body-Based Practices
      • Energy Therapies
    • Acupuncture
      • Medicinal Uses
      • Possible Side Effects
      • More Information
    • Ayurveda
      • Medicinal Uses
      • Possible Side Effects
      • More Information
    • Biofeedback
      • Medicinal Uses
      • More Information
    • Chelation Therapy
      • Medicinal Uses
      • Possible Side Effects
      • More Information
    • Chiropractic
      • Medicinal Uses
      • Possible Side Effects
      • More Information
    • Diet Therapy
      • Intermittent Fasting
      • Keto Diet
      • Macrobiotic Diet
      • Ornish Diet
      • Paleo Diet
    • Guided Imagery
      • More Information
    • Homeopathy
      • Medicinal Uses
      • Possible Side Effects
      • More Information
    • Hypnotherapy
      • Medicinal Uses
    • Magnet Therapy
      • Medicinal Uses
      • Possible Side Effects
      • More Information
    • Massage Therapy
      • Medicinal Uses
      • Possible Side Effects
      • More Information
    • Meditation
      • Medicinal Uses
      • More Information
    • Naturopathy
      • More Information
    • Reiki
      • More Information
    • Relaxation Techniques
    • Therapeutic Touch
    • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
      • Medicinal Uses
      • Possible Side Effects
      • More Information
    • Cupping
      • More Information
    • Moxibustion
    • Reflexology
    • Scraping
    • Overview of Integrative, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine
      • Acceptance and Use
      • Effectiveness and Safety
        • Effectiveness
        • Safety
      • More Information
    Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance
    • Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
    Limb Prosthetics
    • Prosthesis Parts
      • Interface between the residual limb and prosthesis
      • Suspension
      • Structural components of a limb prosthesis
      • Appearance of a limb prosthesis
    • Limb Prostheses Options
      • Upper Limb Prostheses
        • General types of upper limb prosthesis
      • Lower Limb Prostheses
    • Overview of Limb Prosthetics
      • Goals
      • Amputation levels
      • Preparing for an amputation
      • After surgery
      • Complications after amputation
      • More Information
    • Limb Prosthesis Preparation
      • Before Surgery
      • After Surgery
        • Preparatory prosthesis
        • Learning to use a limb prosthesis
    • Prosthesis Fitting
      • Transcutaneous osseointegration
    • Skin Care of the Residual Limb
      • Risk factors for skin problems
      • Skin breakdown
      • Skin infection
      • Other skin problems
    • Residual Limb Swelling
    • Prosthesis Loosening
    • Residual Limb Pain
      • Phantom limb pain
      • Phantom limb sensation
      • Persistent residual limb pain
    Clinical Research and Medical Decision Making
    • Overview of Medical Decision Making
      • Defining Goals
      • Standard of Care and Second Opinions
      • Health Information Sources
    • Medical Testing Decisions
      • Gathering Basic Medical Information
        • Medical history
        • Physical examination
      • Types of Medical Tests
        • Diagnostic tests
        • Screening tests
        • Classification tests
        • Monitoring tests
      • Interpreting Medical Test Results
    • Medical Treatment Decisions
      • Shared Decision Making
      • Balancing Risks and Benefits
      • Providing Perspective
    • The Science of Medicine
      • Treatment and recovery: Cause and effect?
      • How Doctors Try to Learn What Works
        • Sample size
        • Control groups
        • Time frame
        • Comparing apples to apples
        • Eliminating other factors
        • Choosing a clinical trial design
        • Diversity
    Nonspecific Symptoms
    • Fatigue
      • Causes
        • Common causes
        • Less common causes
      • Evaluation
        • Warning signs
        • When to see a doctor
        • What the doctor does
        • Testing
      • Treatment
      • Essentials for Older Adults
      • Key Points
    • Involuntary Weight Loss
      • Causes
      • Evaluation
        • Warning signs
        • When to see a doctor
        • What the doctor does
        • Testing
      • Treatment
      • Essentials for Older Adults
      • Key Points
    Illicit Drugs and Intoxicants
    • Body Packing and Body Stuffing
      • Body packing
      • Body stuffing
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
    • Drug Testing
      • More Information
    • Injection Drug Use
      • Complications
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Marijuana, Synthetic
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Bath Salts
      • Symptoms
        • Complications
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Korsakoff Psychosis
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Other Commonly Abused Substances
      • Diuretics
      • Erythropoietin and Darbepoetin
      • Growth Hormone
      • Ipecac Syrup
      • Laxatives
      • More Information
    • Wernicke Encephalopathy
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Prognosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Vaping
      • Ingredients
      • Complications of Vaping
      • More Information
    • Nitrous Oxide
      • More Information
    • Volatile Nitrites
      • More Information
    • Alcohol Use
      • Alcohol-related disorders
      • Special populations
      • Causes
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Overdose
        • Long-term effects
        • Withdrawal symptoms
      • Screening
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
        • Emergency treatment
        • Detoxification and rehabilitation
      • More Information
    • Amphetamines
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Overdose
        • Long-term effects
        • Withdrawal symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Misuse of Antianxiety Medications and Sedatives
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Overdose
        • Long-term effects
        • Withdrawal symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
        • Emergency treatment
        • Detoxification and rehabilitation
      • More Information
    • Cocaine
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Overdose
        • Long-term effects
        • Withdrawal symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
        • Emergency treatment
        • Detoxification and rehabilitation
      • More Information
    • Gamma Hydroxybutyrate
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Hallucinogens
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Overdose
        • Long-term effects
        • Withdrawal
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Ketamine and Phencyclidine (PCP)
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Marijuana
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effect
        • Long-term effects
        • Withdrawal symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    • Opioids
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Overdose
        • Long-term effects
        • Withdrawal symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
        • Emergency treatment
        • Detoxification
        • Maintenance treatment
        • Rehabilitation
      • More Information
    • Volatile Solvents
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Overdose
        • Long-term effects
        • Withdrawal
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    Sexuality
    • Sexuality
      • Concepts of Sex and Sexual Identity
      • Developmental Aspects of Sexuality
      • Changing Attitudes about Sex and Sexuality
        • Masturbation
        • Homosexuality
        • Frequent sexual activity with different partners
        • Extramarital sex
      • Sexual Problems
    Surgery
    • Surgery
      • Cosmetic surgery
      • Anesthesia
        • Local anesthesia and regional anesthesia
        • General anesthesia
      • Major Surgery and Minor Surgery
        • Major surgery
        • Minor surgery
      • Surgical Risk
      • Second Opinion
      • Preparing for the Day of Surgery
        • Alcohol and illicit drug use
        • Tobacco use
        • Doctors' evaluations
        • Tests
        • Blood storage for transfusion
        • Decision making
        • Preparing the digestive tract
        • Fingernails
      • The Day of Surgery
        • Diabetes
        • Dentures
        • Corticosteroids
      • The Operating Room
      • After Surgery
        • Direct discharge home
        • Hospitalization
        • Complications after surgery
        • Discharge home after hospitalization (see also Being Discharged From the Hospital )
    Tobacco Use
    • Smoking Cessation
      • Nicotine Withdrawal
      • Treatment
        • Changing behavior
        • Medication-supported therapies
        • Cessation in children and adolescents
      • Prognosis
      • More Information
    • Smoking and Other Tobacco Use
      • Pregnant women and children
      • Symptoms
        • Immediate effects
        • Long-term effects
        • Secondhand smoke
        • Smokeless tobacco
        • E-cigarettes
        • Other effects
        • Withdrawal symptoms
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • More Information
    Travel and Health
    • Travel Preparations
      • Travel Medical Kits
      • Travel Health Insurance
      • Vaccinations for Travel
      • Preparations For Travelers With Medical Conditions
        • Medications
      • More Information
    • Problems in Transit
      • Motion Sickness
      • Blood Clots While Traveling
      • Ear and Sinus Pressure While Flying
        • Children
      • Sleep Disturbance (Jet Lag)
        • Westward travel
        • Eastward travel
      • Dehydration While Flying
      • Spread of Infection During Travel
      • Minor Injuries During Travel
      • Anxiety
      • More Information
    • Specific Medical Conditions and Travel
      • Heart Disease and Travel
      • Lung Disease and Travel
      • Diabetes and Travel
      • Pregnancy and Travel
      • Other Conditions
      • More Information
    • Problems at the Destination
      • Injuries and Death While Traveling
      • Traveler’s Diarrhea
      • Malaria in Travelers
        • Antimalarial medications
      • Sexually Transmitted Infections
      • COVID-19
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