Some Immunotherapeutic Agents in Clinical Use
Agent | Effects | Some Indications* |
|---|---|---|
Monoclonal antibodies† | ||
Abciximab | Anti-platelet antiglycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor | Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention |
Adalimumab | Anti–TNF-alpha | Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis Non-infectious uveitis Chronic plaque psoriasis |
Alemtuzumab | Anti–CD52 on B- and T-cells | B-cell CLL Relapsing multiple sclerosis |
Alirocumab | Anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (anti-PCSK-9) | Primary hyperlipidemia (including heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia) |
Amivantamab | Bispecific anti-EGFR and anti-MET | NSCLC with EGFR exon 19, 20 or 21 mutations |
Anifrolumab | Anti-IFNAR1 (anti-interferon alpha receptor 1) | |
Ansuvimab | Anti-EBOV GP1 (anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein 1) | |
Atezolizumab | Anti–PD-L1 | Transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma Triple negative breast cancer BRAF V600 mutation positive melanoma Alveolar soft part sarcoma |
Atoltivimab/odesivimab/maftivimab | Anti-Ebola virus | |
Avelumab | Anti-PD-L1 | |
Axatilimab | Anti-CSF-1 receptor (anti colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor) | |
Basiliximab | Anti–IL-2 receptor | Prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in renal transplantation |
Belantamab mafodotin | Anti-BCMA (anti-B-cell maturation antigen) conjugated to a cytotoxic medication | |
Belimumab | Anti–B-lymphocyte stimulator protein (anti-BLyS) | Systemic lupus erythematosus, including lupus nephritis |
Benralizumab | Anti-IL-5 receptor alpha | Severe eosinophilic asthma |
Bevacizumab | Anti–VEGF-A (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) | Epithelial ovarian cancer Primary peritoneal cancer Nonsquamous NSCLC Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration |
Bimekizumab | Anti-IL-17A and/or anti-IL-17F | Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis |
Blinatumomab | Bispecific anti-CD19 and anti-CD3 | B-cell precursor ALL |
Brentuximab vedotin | Anti-CD30 (conjugated to the antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E) | ALCL or other CD30-expressing T cell lymphomas (eg, cutaneous T cell lymphoma) |
Brodalumab | Anti-IL-17 receptor A | |
Brolucizumab | Anti-VEGF-A (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) | Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration |
Burosumab | Anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 | X-linked hypophosphatemia Tumor-induced osteomalacia |
Camrelizumab | Anti-PD-1 | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |
Canakinumab | Anti–IL-1 beta | Still disease:
Periodic fever syndromes: |
Caplacizumab | Anti-von Willebrand factor | Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
Catumaxomab | Anti-EPCAM and anti-CD3 bispecific | Malignant ascites |
Cemiplimab | Anti-PD-1 | |
Certolizumab pegol (pegylated Fab’ fragment) | Anti–TNF-alpha | Nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
Cetuximab | Anti-EGFR | |
Clesrovimab | Anti-RSV | |
Concizumab | Anti-tissue factor pathway inhibitor | |
Cosibelimab | Anti-PD-L1 | |
Crizanlizumab | Anti-P-selectin | |
Crovalimab | Anti-complement component C5 | |
Datopotamab deruxtecan | Anti-TROP-2 conjugated to a cytotoxic medication | Breast cancer (HR+, HER2 ) EGFR-mutated NSCLC |
Daratumumab | Anti-CD38 | Light chain amyloidosis |
Denosumab | Anti-RANKL | Giant cell tumor of bone bone metastases from solid tumors To increase bone mass in prostate cancer and breast cancer |
Dinutuximab | Anti-GD2 glycolipid | Pediatric neuroblastoma |
Dostarlimab | Anti-PD-1 | Mismatch repair–deficient recurrent or advanced solid tumors |
Donanemab | Anti-amyloid beta | |
Dupilumab | Anti-IL-4 receptor alpha (shared receptor for IL-4 and IL-13) | Allergic asthma Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic spontaneous urticaria |
Durvalumab | Anti-PD-L1 | |
Eculizumab | Anti–complement component C5 | Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome |
Elotuzumab | Anti-SLAMF7 | |
Elranatamab | Bispecific anti-BCMA and anti-CD3 | |
Emapalumab | Anti-IFN-gamma | Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Macrophage activation syndrome in Still disease |
Emicizumab | Bispecific anti-factor IXa and anti-factor X | |
Enfortumab vedotin | Anti-Nectin-4 conjugated to the antimitotic medication monomethyl auristatin E | Urothelial cancer |
Epcoritamab | Bispecific anti-CD20 and anti-CD3 | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma |
Erenumab | Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor | Migraine prevention |
Evinacumab | Anti-angiopoietin-like 3 (anti-ANGPTL3) | |
Evolocumab | Anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (anti-PCSK9) | Familial hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
Faricimab | Bispecific anti-VEGF-A and anti-angiopoietin 2 | Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration Macular edema following retinal vein occlusion |
Fremanezumab | Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (anti-CGRP receptor) | Migraine prevention |
Galcanezumab | Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (anti-CGRP receptor) | Migraine prevention |
Garadacimab | Anti-factor XIIa | |
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin | Anti-CD33 ozogamicin conjugate | CD33+ acute myeloid leukemia |
Glofitamab | Bispecific anti-CD20 and anti-CD3 | Large- and diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma |
Golimumab | Anti–TNF-alpha | Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
Guselkumab | Anti-IL-23 | |
Ibalizumab | Anti-CD4 | |
Ibritumomab tiuxetan | Anti–CD20 conjugated to the radioactive agent yttrium 90 | Follicular and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
Idarucizumab | Anti-dabigatran | Reversal of the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran when needed for emergency surgery/urgent procedures or in life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding |
Inebilizumab | Anti-CD19 | Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Generalized myasthenia gravis |
Infliximab | Anti–TNF-alpha | |
Inotuzumab ozogamicin | Anti-CD22-ozogamicin conjugate | B-cell precursor ALL |
Ipilimumab | Anti–CTLA-4 | Malignant pleural mesothelioma |
Isatuximab | Anti-CD38 | |
Ixekizumab | Anti-IL17A | Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis |
Lanadelumab | Anti-plasma kallikrein | |
Lebrikizumab | Anti-IL-13 | |
Lecanemab | Anti-amyloid beta protofibrils | |
Linvoseltamab | Bispecific anti-BCMA and anti-CD3 | |
Loncastuximab tesirine | Anti-CD19 conjugated to a cytotoxic medication | Large- and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
Margetuximab | Anti-HER2 | |
Marstacimab | Anti-tissue factor pathway inhibitor (Anti-TFPI) | |
Mepolizumab | Anti-IL-5 | Eosinophilic asthma Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) Eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
Mirikizumab | Anti-IL-23 | |
Mirvetuximab soravtansine | Anti-folate receptor alpha conjugated to a cytotoxic medication | |
Mogamulizumab | Anti-CCR4 | |
Mosunetuzumab | Bispecific anti-CD20 and anti-CD3 | Follicular lymphoma |
Narsoplimab | Anti-MASP-2 | Hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathies |
Natalizumab | Anti–alpha-4 integrin | |
Naxitamab | Anti-GD2 | High-risk neuroblastoma with refractory osteomedullary disease |
Necitumumab | Anti-EGFR1 | Squamous NSCLC |
Nemolizumab | Anti-IL-31R | |
Nirsevimab | Anti-RSV | |
Nivolumab | Anti–PD-1 | Malignant pleural mesothelioma Esophageal cancers and gastroesophageal junction cancers |
Obiltoxaximab | Anti-protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis | Inhalational anthrax |
Obinutuzumab | Anti-CD20 | Follicular lymphoma Lupus nephritis |
Ocrelizumab | Anti-CD20 | |
Odronextamab | Bispecific anti-CD20 and anti-CD3 | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma |
Ofatumumab | Anti‒CD20 | |
Omalizumab | Anti-IgE | Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps IgE-mediated food allergy |
Panitumumab | Anti-EGFR | |
Pembrolizumab | Anti–PD-1 | B-cell lymphoma Triple negative breast cancer Biliary tract cancer Gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus |
Pertuzumab | Anti-HER2 | |
Polatuzumab vedotin | Anti-CD79b | B-cell lymphoma |
Pozelimab | Anti-complement component C5 | CHAPLE disease (CD55 deficient protein losing enteropathy) |
Ramucirumab | Anti–VEGFR-2 | Gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma |
Ranibizumab | Anti-VEGF | Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration Macular edema after retinal vein occlusion Myopic choroidal neovascularization |
Ravulizumab | Anti-complement component 5 (C5) | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome |
Raxibacumab | Anti-protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis | Inhalational anthrax |
Relatlimab | Anti-LAG-3 | |
Reslizumab | Anti-IL-5 | Eosinophilic asthma |
Retifanlimab | Anti-PD-1 | Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal |
Risankizumab | Anti-IL-23 | |
Rituximab | Anti–CD20 | CD20+ B-cell lymphomas CD20+ B-cell leukemias |
Romosozumab | Anti-sclerostin | |
Rozanolixizumab | Anti-FcRn (neonatal Fc receptor) | Generalized myasthenia gravis |
Sacituzumab govitecan | Anti-TROP-2 conjugated to a cytotoxic medication | Triple negative breast cancer Breast cancer (HR+, HER2 ) |
Satralizumab | Anti-IL-6R | |
Sarilumab | Anti-IL-6 receptor | Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
Secukinumab | Anti–IL-17A | Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis |
Serplulimab | Anti-PD-1 | |
Siltuximab | Anti–IL-6 | Multicentric Castleman disease |
Spesolimab | Anti-IL-36 receptor | Generalized pustular psoriasis |
Sugemalimab | Anti-PD-L1 | |
Sutimlimab | Anti-complement component C1s | |
Tafasitamab | Anti-CD19 | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma |
Talquetamab | Bispecific anti-G protein-coupled receptor 5D and anti-CD3 | |
Tarlatamab | Bispecific anti-DLL and anti-CD3 | |
Teclistamab | Bispecific anti-BCMA and anti-CD3 | |
Teplizumab | Anti-CD3 | Delayed onset type 1 diabetes |
Teprotumumab | Anti-IGF-1 receptor | |
Tezepelumab | Anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (anti-TSLP) | Severe asthma |
Tildrakizumab | Anti-IL-23 | |
Tislelizumab | Anti-PD-1 | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Gastric cancer |
Tisotumab vedotin | Anti-tissue factor conjugated to a cytotoxic medication | |
Tocilizumab | Anti–IL-6 receptor | Systemic sclerosis with early interstitial lung disease Cytokine release syndrome following CAR T cell treatment COVID-19 with hypoxia and systemic inflammation |
Toripalimab | Anti-PD-1 | |
Tralokinumab | Anti-IL-13 | |
Trastuzumab | Anti–HER2 | HER2+ breast cancer HER2+ stomach or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma |
Tremelimumab | Anti-CTLA-4 | |
Ublituximab | Anti-CD20 | |
Ustekinumab | Anti–shared p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 | |
Vedolizumab | Anti–alpha-4 beta-7 integrin | |
Zanidatamab | Anti-HER2 | Biliary tract cancer |
Zenocutuzumab | Bispecific anti-HER2 and anti-HER3 | NRG1+ NSCLC Pancreatic cancer |
Zolbetuximab | Anti-Claudin 18.2 | Gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma |
Fusion proteins | ||
Abatacept (CTLA-4 extracellular domain fused to the Fc region of IgG1) | Inhibition of T-cell activation | Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
Aflibercept (portions of VEGF extracellular domains fused to the Fc region of IgG1) | Inhibition of neovascularization and vascular permeability | Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration Macular edema following retinal vein occlusion Diabetic macular edema Diabetic retinopathy Retinopathy of prematurity |
Belatacept (CTLA-4 extracellular domain fused to the Fc region of IgG1) | Inhibition of T-cell activation | Prevention of organ rejection in kidney transplant recipients |
Denileukin diftitox (IL-2 fused to diphtheria toxin) | Delivery of toxin to CD25 component of IL-2 receptor | CD25+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma |
Etanercept (2 CD120b TNF-alpha receptors fused to the Fc region of IgG1) | Decrease in TNF levels | |
Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept (IL-15 variant bound to dimeric IL-15R domain fused to the Fc region of IgG1) | Stimulates IL-15 receptor | |
Rilonacept (IL-1 receptor component and IL-1 receptor accessory protein fused to the Fc region of IgG1) | Prevents IL-1 binding to cell surface IL-1 receptors | Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes Deficiency of IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA) Recurrent pericarditis |
Romiplostim (two thrombopoietin receptor domains fused to the Fc region of IgG1) | Increases platelet production by stimulating the thrombopoietin receptor | |
Tebentafusp (fusion of a soluble version of an anti-gp100 TCR to the scFv region of an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody) | Targets cytotoxic T cells to kill gp100-positive melanoma cells | Metastatic uveal melanoma |
Soluble cytokine receptor | ||
Anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist, sometimes pegylated for longer half-life) | Competitive inhibition of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta activities | Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) Deficiency of IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA) Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis (pseudogout) |
Cytokines | ||
Erythropoietin | Stimulates erythropoiesis | |
IFN-alpha (eg, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, ropeginterferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-n3, human leukocyte interferon-alpha) | Antiproliferative and antiviral | Advanced HIV–related Kaposi sarcoma Hairy cell leukemia |
IFN-beta (eg, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b) | Antiproliferative and antiviral | |
IFN-gamma | Immunostimulatory and antiviral | Control of infection in chronic granulomatous disease Malignant osteopetrosis |
IL-2 (aldesleukin) | Immunostimulatory | |
IL-11 (oprelvekin) | Thrombopoietic growth factor | |
G-CSF (filgrastim) | Stimulation of granulocyte production | Neutropenia |
GM-CSF (sargramostim) | Stimulation of granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage production | Neutropenia |
Platelet-derived growth factor (becaplermin) | Stimulation of wound healing | Lower extremity diabetic neuropathic ulcers |
Cellular therapy | ||
Afamitresgene autoleucel (affinity-enhanced T cell) | MAGE4-directed autologous T cell | Synovial sarcoma |
Axicabtagene ciloleucel (CAR T) | CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell | B cell lymphoma |
Brexucabtagene autoleucel (CAR T) | CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell | Mantle cell lymphoma |
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (CAR T) | BCMA-directed genetically modified autologous T cell | |
Exagamglogene autotemcel (gene-edited hematopoietic stem cells) | Autologous CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells gene-edited to reduce BCL11A expression and thereby increase fetal hemoglobin production | |
Idecabtagene vicleucel (CAR T) | BCMA-directed genetically modified autologous T cell | |
Lifileucel (TIL) | Autologous TIL expanded with IL-2 | |
Lisocabtagene maraleucel (CAR T) | CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell | Large B-cell lymphoma Small lymphocytic lymphoma Follicular lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma |
Obecabtagene autoleucel (CAR T) | CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell | |
Sipuleucel-T (antigen-presenting cells) | Autologous circulating ICAM-1+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with prostatic acid phosphatase and GM-CSF | |
Tisagenlecleucel (CAR T) | CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell | B-cell precursor ALL B-cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma |
* Many immunotherapeutic agents are only approved for use in certain subgroups of patients (eg, based on age, subtype and stage of disease, previous treatment, etc). They are often used in conjunction with other medications. Refer to prescribing information for more details. | ||
† Monoclonal antibodies used for diagnostic testing and radiologic imaging are not included. The Antibody Society maintains a comprehensive list of approved antibody therapeutics and those in regulatory review in the United States and the European Union. | ||
ALCL = anaplastic large cell lymphoma; ALL = acute lymphoblastic leukemia; ANCA = antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; anti-BCMA = anti-B-cell maturation antigen; BCG = bacille Calmette-Guerin; CAR = chimeric antigen receptor; CD = cluster of differentiation; CHAPLE = CD55 deficiency with hyper-activation of complement, angiopathic thrombosis, and severe protein-losing enteropathy; CLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CTLA = cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen; DLL = delta-like ligand; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; Fc = crystallizable fragment; G-CSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HNSCC = head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ICAM = intercellular adhesion molecule; IFN = interferon; IL = interleukin; LDL = low density lipoprotein; mAb = monoclonal antibody; MRD = minimal residual disease; NSCLC = non small cell lung cancer; PDGFRα = platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha; PD-L1 = programmed death–ligand 1; RANKL = receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand; RSV = respiratory syncytial virus; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SCLC = small cell lung cancer; SLAMF7 = signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 7; TIL = tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; VEGF-A = vascular endothelial growth factor A; VEGFR = VEGF receptor. | ||