MSD Manual
Please confirm that you are a health care professional
Yes
No
MSD
Manual
Professional Version
The trusted provider of medical information since 1899
Deutsch (GERMAN)
ENGLISH
ESPAÑOL (SPANISH)
FRANÇAIS (FRENCH)
Italiano (ITALIAN)
日本語 (JAPANESE)
Português (PORTUGUESE)
РУССКИЙ (RUSSIAN)
中文 (CHINESE)
Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)
Search
Search
A-Z
VIEW CONSUMER VERSION
HOME
MEDICAL TOPICS
Common Health Topics
Cardiovascular Disorders
Clinical Pharmacology
Critical Care Medicine
Dental Disorders
Dermatologic Disorders
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Eye Disorders
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Genitourinary Disorders
Geriatrics
Gynecology and Obstetrics
Hematology and Oncology
Hepatic and Biliary Disorders
Immunology; Allergic Disorders
Infectious Diseases
Injuries; Poisoning
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Neurologic Disorders
Nutritional Disorders
Pediatrics
Psychiatric Disorders
Pulmonary Disorders
Special Subjects
Resources
Videos
Figures
Images
Quizzes
View All Resources
RESOURCES
3D Models
Abbreviations
Lab Tests
Audio
Case Studies
Clinical Calculators
Conversion Tables
Figures
Images
Lab Values
Quizzes
Tables
Videos
NEWS
Breast, Cervical, CRC Screening Below Healthy People 2020 Targets
Bupropion-Naltrexone Bests Placebo in Methamphetamine Use Disorder
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Linked to Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis
Higher Dietary Fiber Lowers Premenopausal Depression Risk
View All News >
View All News >
PROCEDURES
The Vaginal Exam in Labor
Uterine Compression
Uterine Balloon Tamponade
View All Procedures >
View All Procedures >
QUIZZES & CASES
Quizzes
More Quizzes
Cases
More Case Studies
ABOUT
Overview
History
Editors and the Editorial Process
Publishing and Production Staff
Editorial Board
Contributors
Reviewers
Content Providers
Global Medical Knowledge
FAQ
Contact Us
Courtesy of
about MSD
MSD careers
research
Medical Topics & Chapters
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
HOME
MEDICAL TOPICS
Common Health Topics
Cardiovascular Disorders
Clinical Pharmacology
Critical Care Medicine
Dental Disorders
Dermatologic Disorders
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Eye Disorders
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Genitourinary Disorders
Geriatrics
Gynecology and Obstetrics
Hematology and Oncology
Hepatic and Biliary Disorders
Immunology; Allergic Disorders
Infectious Diseases
Injuries; Poisoning
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Neurologic Disorders
Nutritional Disorders
Pediatrics
Psychiatric Disorders
Pulmonary Disorders
Special Subjects
Resources
Videos
Figures
Images
Quizzes
View All Resources
RESOURCES
3D Models
Abbreviations
Lab Tests
Audio
Case Studies
Clinical Calculators
Conversion Tables
Figures
Images
Lab Values
Quizzes
Tables
Videos
NEWS
Breast, Cervical, CRC Screening Below Healthy People 2020 Targets
Bupropion-Naltrexone Bests Placebo in Methamphetamine Use Disorder
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Linked to Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis
Higher Dietary Fiber Lowers Premenopausal Depression Risk
View All News >
View All News >
PROCEDURES
The Vaginal Exam in Labor
Uterine Compression
Uterine Balloon Tamponade
View All Procedures >
View All Procedures >
QUIZZES & CASES
Quizzes
More Quizzes
Cases
More Case Studies
ABOUT
Overview
History
Editors and the Editorial Process
Publishing and Production Staff
Editorial Board
Contributors
Reviewers
Content Providers
Global Medical Knowledge
FAQ
Contact Us
Courtesy of
about MSD
MSD careers
research
Professional
/
Hepatic and Biliary Disorders
/
...
/
Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease
/
Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease
Expand all
Collapse all
Liver Structure and Function
Overview of liver structure
Overview of bilirubin metabolism
Pathophysiology
Evaluation of the Patient With a Liver Disorder
History
Physical examination
Testing
The Asymptomatic Patient With Abnormal Liver Test Results
Aminotransferases
Alkaline phosphatase
Acute Liver Failure
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs references
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Ascites
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Inborn Metabolic Disorders Causing Hyperbilirubinemia
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome and Rotor Syndrome
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Rotor syndrome
Gilbert Syndrome
Primary Shunt Hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice
Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of hyperbilirubinemia
Consequences
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Prognosis
Prognosis references
Treatment
Key Points
Portal Hypertension
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Portosystemic Encephalopathy
Etiology
Precipitants
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
More Information
Key Points
Postoperative Liver Dysfunction
Postoperative jaundice
Postoperative hepatitis
Postoperative cholestasis
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Systemic Abnormalities in Liver Disease
Circulatory Abnormalities
Endocrine Abnormalities
Hematologic Abnormalities
Renal and Electrolyte Abnormalities
Hepatorenal syndrome