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Causes of Acute Pericarditis

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Cause	Examples
Infections
Bacterial infections	Tuberculosis* Gram-negative bacilli Haemophilus influenzae (in children) Lyme disease Rheumatic fever Staphylococci Streptococci
Viral infections	Coxsackie B virus Echovirus HIV† Influenza virus SARS-CoV-2
Fungal infections	Blastomycosis Candidiasis Coccidioidomycosis Histoplasmosis
Parasitic infections	Amebiasis Echinococcosis Toxoplasmosis
Pericardial injury
Trauma	—
Postpericardiotomy syndrome	—
Radiation therapy	—
Acute myocardial infarction	—
Post-myocardial infarction (Dressler) syndrome	—
Systemic disease
Systemic rheumatic diseases	Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Systemic sclerosis
Inflammatory disorders	Myocarditis with pericardial involvement Amyloidosis Inflammatory bowel disease Sarcoidosis Rheumatic fever
Cancer	Breast cancer Kaposi sarcoma (in people with HIV infection) Leukemia Lung cancer
Uremia	—
Hypothyroidism	—
Other
Medications	Anticoagulants HydralazineHydralazine Immune checkpoint inhibitors IsoniazidIsoniazid Methysergide Penicillin PhenytoinPhenytoin ProcainamideProcainamide
Congenital absence or abnormality of the pericardium	—
Idiopathic	—
* Tuberculous pericarditis accounts for a small percentage of cases of acute or subacute pericarditis in North America and Western Europe but the majority of cases are in endemic areas of India and Africa.
† If patients with HIV infection develop lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, or certain infections (eg, Mycobacterium avium, M. tuberculosis, or Nocardia infections; other fungal or viral infections), pericarditis may follow.
Bendjelid K, Pugin J. Is Dressler syndrome dead?. Chest. 2004;126(5):1680-1682. doi:10.1378/chest.126.5.1680 and Wang TKM, Klein AL, Cremer PC, et al. 2025 Concise Clinical Guidance: An ACC Expert Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis and Management of Pericarditis: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;86(25):2691-2719. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.023