Загальні симптоми та ознаки ускладнень цирозу
Symptom or Sign | Possible Cause |
|---|---|
Abdominal distention | |
Abdominal discomfort with fever or hepatic encephalopathy (infrequently with peritoneal signs) | |
Calf pain or swelling, symptoms of pulmonary embolism | Thromboembolism |
Clubbing | |
Confusion, lethargy | Hepatic encephalopathy |
Dyspnea, hypoxia | Hepatopulmonary syndrome |
Fatigue, pallor | Anemia due to bleeding, hypersplenism, undernutrition with deficiency of folate (or iron or vitamin B12), chronic disease, or effects of alcohol (eg, bone marrow suppression) |
Fluid overload, oliguria, symptoms of renal failure | Hepatorenal syndrome |
Fragility fracture (due to a fall from standing height or less), muscle wasting | Osteoporosis with vitamin D deficiency |
Muscle wasting (sarcopenia) | Undernutrition |
Symptoms of infection | |
Petechiae, purpura, bleeding | Thrombocytopenia caused by splenomegaly due to portal hypertension or the direct effects of alcohol on bone marrow Coagulopathy due to impaired liver synthetic function, vitamin K deficiency, or both |
Pruritus, xanthelasmas | Cholestasis |
Rectal bleeding | Rectal varices |
Splenomegaly | |
Steatorrhea | |
Portal hypertensive gastropathy |