Поширені причини зменшення об'єму рідини
Type | Examples |
|---|---|
Extrarenal | |
Bleeding | Trauma |
Dialysis | |
Gastrointestinal | Nasogastric suctioning |
Skin | Exfoliation |
Third-space losses | Intestinal lumen Intraperitoneal Retroperitoneal |
Renal, adrenal, and pituitary | |
Diuretic phase of recovery | |
Adrenal disorders | Adrenal insufficiency (causing adrenal corticosteroid deficiency), including Addison disease Hypoaldosteronism |
Genetic disorders causing renal sodium and potassium wasting | |
Hypothalamic or pituitary disorders causing vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) deficiency | Arginine vasopressin deficiency (eg, due to trauma, tumor, or infection) |
Osmotic diuresis | Diabetes mellitus with extreme glucosuria |
Diuretics | Loop diuretics Thiazide diuretics |
Salt-wasting renal disease | Chronic pyelonephritis (occasionally) Interstitial nephritis Medullary cystic disease Myeloma (occasionally) |