Ситуації, що вимагають контролю прохідності дихальних шляхів
Classification | Examples |
|---|---|
Emergencies | Acute laryngeal edema Deep coma, when the tongue relaxes to occlude the glottis Foreign body at the larynx (eg, “cafe coronary”) Head or high spinal cord injuries Laryngospasm Respiratory arrest or apnea (eg, due to central nervous system disease, medication or illicit drugs, hypoxia) Upper airway trauma |
Urgencies | Pre-procedure in patients with respiratory or neurologic compromise or other conditions, such as
To reduce the work of breathing in patients experiencing shock, reduced cardiac output, or myocardial stress Need for ventilatory support (eg, in acute respiratory distress syndrome, smoke or toxic inhalation, respiratory burns, gastric aspiration, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, diffuse infectious or other parenchymal lung problems, neuromuscular diseases, respiratory center depression, or extreme respiratory muscle fatigue) Respiratory failure with contraindications to or failure of noninvasive ventilation |