[{"Title":"Ulemavu wa kuzaliwa wa kucha","UniqueID":"v794711_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

Some babies are born without nails (anonychia). In nail-patella syndrome , thumbnails are missing or are small with pitting and ridges. Darier disease sometimes cause what are called \"candy cane nails,\" where red and white streaks on the nails and V-shaped notches form on the tips of the nails. In pachyonychia congenita, nail beds (the parts of the nail unit that attach the nail to the finger) are thickened and discolored and are curved from side to side, sometimes forming a pincer nail deformity . Patients with pachyonychia congenita have thickened skin on their soles and often have pain with walking.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Ulemavu wa kucha na dystrophies zinazohusiana na ugonjwa wa mfumo","UniqueID":"v794718_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Sometimes, diseases that involve other organs (systemic diseases) can cause changes in the nails as well, including the following:

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Ulemavu na dystrophies zinazohusiana na magonjwa ya ngozi","UniqueID":"v1586785_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Sometimes, skin diseases also affect the nail unit and may change the appearance of the nails. Some medications given to treat skin diseases can change the nail plate. For example, retinoids, such as isotretinoin and etretinate, can cause dryness and brittleness of the nails.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Athari za dawa kwenye kucha","UniqueID":"v794761_sw","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Medications may cause other nail problems, such as melanonychia striata (brown or black pigmented lines) and onycholysis. Different medications lead to discoloration of the nail, which usually gets better after the medication is stopped and the nail grows out.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Dystrophy ya kucha ya kati","UniqueID":"v12519171_sw","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

In median nail dystrophy, small cracks in the center of the nail extend to the sides and eventually look like the branches of an evergreen tree. The cause of median nail dystrophy is unknown in some cases, but repeated injuries, including frequent use of computer keyboards and similar devices, are thought to play a role. The person must stop all activities that contribute to injury of the nails. Treatment with tacrolimus ointment has been shown to help in some cases.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Melanonychia striata","UniqueID":"v794782_sw","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

Melanonychia striata are gray, brown, or black lines in the nail plate caused by the normal brown skin pigment, melanin. The lines extend from the base of the nail to its tip. In dark-skinned people, these lines may be normal and require no treatment. Other noncancerous causes of melanonychia striata include moles , HIV infection , hyperthyroidism , use of certain medications, pregnancy, nail injuries , Addison disease , and Cushing syndrome .

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Onycholysis","UniqueID":"v794791_sw","Index":7.0,"Summary":"

Onycholysis is partial separation of the nail plate from the nail bed or complete nail plate loss. It can result from

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Ulemavu wa kucha ya kidole cha mguu","UniqueID":"v12519193_sw","Index":8.0,"Summary":"

In pincer nail deformity, the nail is overcurved horizontally (side-to-side). It is most often caused by a fungal infection ( onychomycosis ), psoriasis , tumors of the nail , and poorly fitting shoes. The deformity can also occur in people who have lupus , Kawasaki disease , end-stage renal disease (severe chronic kidney disease ), and some genetic syndromes (for example, pachyonychia congenita). Sometimes it develops in older people and in those with arthritis in their fingers. People often have pain where the nail plate curves into the tips of the fingers.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]