Drugs
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Overview of DrugsA drug is defined by U.S. law as any substance (other than a food or device) intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, relief, treatment, or prevention of disease or intended to affect the structure or function of the body. (Oral contraceptives are an example of drugs that affect the function of the body rather than a disease.) This comprehensive definition of a drug, although important for legal purposes, is rather complex for everyday use. A simpler but workable definition of a drug is any chemical or biologic substance that affects the body and its processes.
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Administration and Kinetics of DrugsDrug administration is the giving of a drug by one of several means (routes). Drug kinetics (pharmacokinetics) describes how the body handles a drug and accounts for the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
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Adverse Drug ReactionsAdverse drug reactions (adverse effects) are any unwanted effects of a drug.
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Brand-Name and Generic DrugsDrugs often have several names. When a drug is first discovered, it is given a chemical name, which describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug. The chemical name is thus usually too complex and cumbersome for general use. Next, a shorthand version of the chemical name or a code name (such as RU 486) is developed for easy reference among researchers.
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Drug DynamicsDrug dynamics (pharmacodynamics) involves what a drug does to the human body.
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Factors Affecting Response to DrugsEveryone responds to drugs differently. The way a person responds to a drug is affected by many factors, including
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Over-the-Counter DrugsOver-the-counter (OTC) drugs are those available without a prescription.
