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Medical Topics
Gynecology and Obstetrics
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Approach to the Gynecologic Patient
Obstetric and Gynecologic History
Obstetric History
Gravidity and parity
Obstetric outcomes and complications
Obstetric history references
Gynecologic History
Well-Woman Visits
Pelvic Examination
Breast Examination
Psychosocial Screening and Counseling
References
Pelvic Examination
Reference
Pelvic Examination Procedure
External examination
Speculum examination
Bimanual examination
Rectovaginal examination
Gynecologic Evaluation in Children and Adolescents
Children
Adolescents
References
Gynecologic Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Pregnancy Testing
Pregnancy testing reference
Testing for Infection
Testing for vaginitis
Testing for sexually transmitted infections
Cervical Cancer Testing
Cervical cancer screening
Cervical diagnostic and treatment procedures
Cervical testing references
Other Gynecologic Biopsies
Vulvar biopsy
Vaginal biopsy
Endometrial biopsy
Other gynecologic biopsies references
Imaging Studies
Diagnostic Procedures
Dilation and curettage
Hysteroscopy
Laparoscopy
Culdocentesis
Symptoms of Gynecologic Disorders
Female Pelvic Pain
Reference
Etiology
Gynecologic disorders
Nongynecologic disorders
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Treatment reference
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Vaginal Bleeding
Etiology
Etiology references
Pathophysiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Evaluation references
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Vulvovaginal Pruritus or Vaginal Discharge
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Reproductive-aged women
Postmenopausal women
Women of all ages
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Evaluation reference
Treatment
Treatment reference
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Female Pelvic Mass
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Evaluation references
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Female Pelvic Mass in Children
Etiology
Etiology references
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Vaginal Bleeding in Children
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Evaluation reference
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Vulvovaginal Pruritus or Vaginal Discharge in Children
Etiology
Etiology reference
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Evaluation reference
Treatment
Key Points
Breast Disorders
Breast Masses (Breast Lumps)
Etiology
Etiology reference
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Nipple Discharge
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Mastalgia (Breast Pain)
Etiology
Etiology reference
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Evaluation of Breast Disorders
Evaluation
History
Breast examination
Red flags
Testing
Evaluation reference
Endometriosis
Vulvar Endometriomas
Reference
Endometriosis
References
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Etiology and pathophysiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs reference
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Pharmacologic therapy
Surgery
Treatment reference
Key Points
Family Planning
Overview of Contraception
References
Permanent Contraception
Vasectomy
Tubal Sterilization
Permanent contraception by laparoscopy
Permanent contraception by minilaparotomy
Permanent contraception by hysteroscopy
Complications
References
Key Points
Procedural and Medical Abortion
References
Methods
Procedural abortion
Medical abortion
Methods references
Complications
Key Points
Oral Contraceptives
Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives
Contraindications to estrogen-progestin contraceptives (pills, patch, vaginal ring)
Progestin-only oral contraceptives
Contraindications to progestin-only contraceptives (pills, implants, injections)
General reference
Adverse Effects
Adverse effects references
Benefits
Benefits reference
Drug Interactions
Drug interactions references
Initiation
Late or missed doses of oral contraceptives
Postpartum use of oral contraceptives
Initiation reference
Key Points
Transdermal and Vaginal Ring Hormonal Contraceptives
Transdermal contraceptives
Vaginal ring contraceptives
General reference
Progestin Contraceptive Injections
Contraindications and adverse effects
Benefits
References
Subdermal Contraceptive Implants
Reference
Barrier and Other Pericoital Contraceptives
Condoms
Diaphragm
Cervical cap
Contraceptive sponge
Spermicides
pH regulator contraceptive gel
References
Intrauterine Device (IUDs; IUD)
Insertion of the IUD
Contraindications
Adverse effects
Potential benefits
Complications
References
Key Points
Fertility Awareness‒Based Methods of Contraception
Standard days method
Two-day method
Symptothermal method
Lactational amenorrhea method
Emergency Contraception
References
Key Points
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
Puberty
Age of onset of puberty
Physical changes of puberty
Mechanisms initiating puberty
Puberty references
Ovarian Follicular Development
Ovarian follicular development references
Menstrual Cycle
Follicular phase
Ovulatory phase
Luteal phase
Menstrual cycle references
Cyclic Changes in Other Reproductive Organs
Endometrium
Cervix
Vagina
Infertility and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Sperm Disorders
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Impaired spermatogenesis
Impaired sperm emission
Other causes
Diagnosis
Semen analysis
Genetic testing
Other tests
Treatment
Key Points
Abnormal Cervical Mucus
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Diminished Ovarian Reserve
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Ovulatory Dysfunction
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Letrozole
Clomiphene
Metformin
Exogenous gonadotropins
Treatment of the underlying disorder
Treatment references
Key Points
Tubal Dysfunction and Pelvic Abnormalities
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Unexplained Infertility
Treatment
Prognosis
Prognosis reference
Assisted Reproductive Technologies
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Other technologies
General references
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Etiology
Etiology reference
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Overview of Infertility
General references
Evaluation
Treatment
More Information
Menopause
Menopause
General references
Physiology
Symptoms and Signs
Vasomotor
Vaginal
Neuropsychiatric
Cardiovascular
Musculoskeletal
Other symptoms
Symptoms and signs references
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nonpharmacologic measures
Hormone therapy
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
Nonhormonal medications
Herbal or dietary supplements
Treatment references
Menopausal Hormone Therapy
Choice of systemic hormone therapy
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause treatment
Osteoporosis management
Risks and adverse effects
Hormone therapy references
Key Points
Additional Information
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Introduction to Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Amenorrhea
General references
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Amenorrhea due to ovulatory dysfunction
Amenorrhea due to structural reproductive tract abnormalities
Etiology references
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Evaluation references
Treatment
Guidelines
Key Points
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Pathophysiology
Complications
Etiology
Etiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs reference
Diagnosis
Laboratory testing
Imaging studies
Endometrial sampling
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Medications
Procedures
Management of acute uterine bleeding
Treatment references
Guidelines
Key Points
Dysmenorrhea
General references
Etiology
Primary dysmenorrhea
Secondary dysmenorrhea
Etiology references
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Evaluation reference
Treatment
General measures
Medications
Other treatments
Treatment references
Guidelines
Key Points
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
General reference
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology references
Complications
Complications references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosing PCOS in adolescent girls
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Management of hirsutism
Management of infertility
Management of comorbidities
Treatment references
Guidelines
Key Points
More Information
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Etiology
Etiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnostic references
Treatment
Treatment references
Guidelines
Key Points
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
References
Etiology
Etiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Diagnosis
Treatment
General measures
Medications
Surgery
Treatment references
Guidelines
Key Points
Pelvic Venous Disorders
General reference
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs reference
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Treatment references
Guidelines
Key Points
Miscellaneous Gynecologic Disorders
Adnexal Torsion
General reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Guidelines
Key Points
Bartholin Gland Cyst and Bartholin Gland Abscess
General references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Benign Adnexal Masses
Types of Adnexal Masses
Functional ovarian cysts
Benign ovarian neoplasms
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Guidelines for Benign Adnexal Masses
Key Points
Cervical Polyps
Reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Key Points
Cervical Stenosis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Skene Gland Cyst
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Vulvar Inclusion and Epidermal Cysts
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Uterine Adenomyosis
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs reference
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Key Points
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)
Overview of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)
Risk Factors
Staging
References
Anterior and Posterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pelvic floor muscle exercises
Pessaries
Surgical repair
References
Key Points
Uterine and Apical Prolapse
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Uterine prolapse
Vaginal apical prolapse
Reference
Key Points
Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction
Overview of Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction
References
Physiology
Desire (libido)
Arousal
Orgasm
Resolution
Classification
Classification reference
Etiology
Primarily psychological factors
Primarily physical factors
Etiology reference
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Psychological therapies
Pharmacologic therapy
Other therapies
Treatment references
Key Points
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Key Points
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder
Treatment
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Pregnancy-Related and Postpartum Sexual Dysfunction
Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Estrogen therapy
Testosterone therapy
Other therapies
Treatment references
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine Fibroids
References
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs references
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Medications to treat fibroids
Procedures to treat fibroids
Surgery for fibroids
Choice of treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Fibroids in Pregnancy
Reference
Cervical Leiomyomas
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Overview of Vaginitis
Etiology
Children
Women of reproductive age
Women who are postmenopausal
Women of all ages
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Key Points
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Etiology
Risk factors
Symptoms and Signs
Cervicitis
Acute salpingitis
Complications
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
General reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Candidal Vaginitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Treatment reference
Inflammatory Vaginitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cervicitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Evaluation
Prenatal Genetic Counseling
Risk Factors for Genetic Disorders or Congenital Anomalies
Risk factors for congenital disorders references
Preconception or Prenatal Carrier Testing of Parents
General references
Prenatal Testing to Detect Fetal Genetic Abnormalities
Testing references
Noninvasive Prenatal Fetal Screening Tests
Screening in multiple gestations
First-Trimester Screening
Cell-free fetal nucleic acid testing
First-trimester screening references
Second-Trimester Screening
Maternal serum screening for chromosomal abnormalities
Maternal serum screening for neural tube defects
Second-trimester screening references
Sequential First- and Second-Trimester Screening
Sequential first- and second trimester screening references
Prenatal Ultrasonography
Procedures for Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Amniocentesis
Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling
References
Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prenatal Care
Fertilization and Development of the Embryo
Amniotic sac and placenta
Embryo
Physiology of Pregnancy
Physiology
Cardiovascular
Hematologic
Urinary
Respiratory
Gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary
Endocrine
Dermatologic
Anemia in Pregnancy
References
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Folate Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Hemoglobinopathies in Pregnancy
Hemoglobinopathies references
Infectious Disease in Pregnancy
Antimicrobials
References
Key Points
Thromboembolic Disorders in Pregnancy
Reference
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy
References
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Multifetal Gestation
Complications
References
Diagnosis
Management
Key Points
Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancy
Reference
Management
Key Points
Evaluation of the Obstetric Patient
General reference
History
Gravidity and parity
Physical Examination
Physical examination reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Estimated Date of Delivery
Testing
Laboratory testing
Ultrasonography
Other imaging
Testing references
Management
Symptoms requiring evaluation
Diet and supplements
Weight gain
Physical activity
Medications, substance use, and toxic exposures
Immunizations
Prevention of perinatal complications
Psychosocial issues
Travel
Treatment references
Symptoms During Pregnancy
Pelvic Pain During Early Pregnancy
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Vaginal Bleeding During Early Pregnancy
General references
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Key Points
Nausea and Vomiting During Early Pregnancy
General reference
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Lower-Extremity Edema During Late Pregnancy
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Vaginal Bleeding During Late Pregnancy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Intrapartum Complications
Intraamniotic Infection
Risk factors
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Subclinical infection
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Treatment reference
Prevention
Key Points
Placenta Accreta
General reference
Etiology
Etiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Key Points
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
General references
Pathophysiology
Risk factors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Shoulder Dystocia
General reference
Risk Factors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Management
Management references
Key Points
Uterine Inversion
Diagnosis
Treatment
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Etiology
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Treatment reference
Prevention
Key Points
Umbilical Cord Prolapse
Occult prolapse
Overt prolapse
Uterine Rupture
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Introduction to Intrapartum Complications
Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation)
Transverse lie
Breech presentation
Face or brow presentation
Occiput posterior position
Key Points
Antenatal Complications
Overview of High-Risk Pregnancy
General reference
Risk Factors for Pregnancy Complications
Diabetes
Diabetes references
Hypertension
Hypertension references
Thyroid Disorders
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
STIs references
Female Genital Tract Abnormalities
Substance Use
Exposure to Teratogens
Exposure to Mercury
Maternal Age
Maternal age reference
Maternal Weight
Maternal weight references
Multiple Gestation
Multiple gestation reference
Prior Neonate With a Genetic or Congenital Disorder
Prior Stillbirth
Prior stillbirth references
Prior Preterm Delivery
Prior preterm delivery reference
Prior Birth Injury
Placental Abruption (Abruptio Placentae)
Risk factors
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Cervical Insufficiency
Etiology
Risk factors
Recurrence
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Neonate
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Prevention references
Key Points
Pemphigoid Gestationis
Reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Placenta Previa
Risk factors
Complications
General references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
General references
Etiology
Etiology references
Pathophysiology
Complications
Pathophysiology references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Evaluation
Other hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
Diagnosis references
Treatment
General approach
Monitoring
Magnesium sulfate
Supportive treatments
Delivery method
Follow-up
Postpartum preeclampsia
Treatment reference
Prevention
Prevention references
Key Points
Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy
Reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Stillbirth
General reference
Etiology
Complications
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Key Points
Vasa Previa
General reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Maternal Mortality and Perinatal Mortality
Maternal and perinatal mortality references
Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Expectant management
Treatment reference
Key Points
Preterm Labor
Diagnosis
Treatment
Antibiotics
Tocolytics
Magnesium sulfate
Corticosteroids
Progestins
Treatment references
Key Points
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Polyhydramnios
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Identification of cause
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Treament reference
Key Points
Oligohydramnios
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Identification of cause
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Drug Safety in Pregnancy
Drug Safety in Pregnancy
Regulatory Information about Drug Safety During Pregnancy
Drug Transfer and Metabolism During Pregnancy
Vaccines During Pregnancy
Antivirals During Pregnancy
Antidepressants During Pregnancy
References
More Information
Social and Illicit Drugs During Pregnancy
Early Pregnancy Disorders
Ectopic Pregnancy
General reference
Etiology
Etiology reference
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Methotrexate
Surgical resection
Treatment reference
Prognosis
Prognosis reference
Key Points
Spontaneous Abortion
General references
Etiology
Etiology reference
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms and signs reference
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Septic Abortion
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Labor and Delivery
Management of Normal Labor
General reference
Birthing Options
Beginning of Labor
Admission to Labor Unit
Cervical Examination
Rupture of Membranes
Rupture of membranes references
Stages of Labor
First stage
Second stage
Third stage
Stages of labor references
Management of Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
Delivery of the Fetus
Delivery of the fetus references
Delivery of the Placenta
Immediate Postpartum Care
Protracted or Arrested Labor
General reference
Etiology
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Operative Vaginal Delivery
General references
Induction of Labor
Indications
Indications reference
Technique
Technique reference
Cesarean Delivery
Indications
Indications reference
Technique
Post-Delivery Care
Fetal Monitoring During Labor and Delivery
Fetal Monitoring Methods
Fetal monitoring methods reference
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Interpretation
Fetal monitoring interpretation reference
Fetal Assessment Tests
Analgesia and Anesthesia for Labor and Delivery
General reference
Neuraxial Anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia
Neuraxial anesthesia reference
Locoregional Analgesia
Locoregional analgesia reference
Parenteral Analgesia
General Anesthesia
Postpartum Pain Management
Postpartum pain management references
Postpartum Care and Associated Disorders
Mastitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Postpartum Endometritis
References
Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Prevention
Key Points
Postpartum Pyelonephritis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Postpartum Depression
General reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Treatment of postpartum depression references
Key Points
Postpartum Care
Postpartum Physiologic Changes
Clinical parameters
Laboratory parameters
Routine Postpartum Care
Perineal care
Cesarean wound care
Pain management
Bladder and bowel function
Diet and exercise
Breast engorgement
Sexual activity
Contraception
Routine postpartum care references
Postpartum Preventive Care
Prevention of Rh sensitization
Vaccination
Postpartum preventive care references
Postpartum Complications
Hemorrhage
Hypertensive disorders
Infection
Thromboembolic disorders
Headache after neuraxial anesthesia (spinal headache)
Perineal repair complications
Psychiatric disorders
Postpartum complications references
Pregnancy Complicated by Disease
Asthma in Pregnancy
General reference
Treatment
Treatment references
Autoimmune Disorders in Pregnancy
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy
Reference
Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Pregnancy
Diagnosis
Treatment
Immune Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy
References
Rheumatoid Arthritis in Pregnancy
Reference
Myasthenia Gravis in Pregnancy
Reference
Cancer in Pregnancy
Breast cancer
Cervical cancer
Other gynecologic cancers
Rectal cancer
Leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma
References
Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
Risks of diabetes during pregnancy
General references
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
During pregnancy
Management of complications
Labor and delivery
Postpartum
Treatment references
Key Points
Heart Disease in Pregnancy
General reference
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Arrhythmias
Endocarditis prophylaxis
Key Points
Valvular Stenosis and Insufficiency in Pregnancy
Treatment
Other Heart Disorders in Pregnancy
Mitral valve prolapse
Congenital heart disease
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
General reference
Hepatic Disorders in Pregnancy
Jaundice
Acute viral hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Intrahepatic cholestasis (pruritus) of pregnancy
Fatty liver of pregnancy
Preeclampsia
Chronic hepatic disorders
General reference
Key Points
Hypertension in Pregnancy
General reference
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pharmacologic treatment
Treatment reference
Key Points
Renal Insufficiency in Pregnancy
End-stage renal disease
Key Points
Seizure Disorders in Pregnancy
Reference
Disorders Requiring Surgery During Pregnancy
Appendicitis
Benign ovarian cysts
Gallbladder disease
Intestinal obstruction
Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy
Graves disease
Congenital Graves disease
Maternal hypothyroidism
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Acute (subacute) thyroiditis
Postpartum maternal thyroid dysfunction
COVID-19 During Pregnancy
General references
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference
Prevention
COVID-19 vaccine
Breastfeeding
Prevention references
Key Points
