Anemias

• Hereditary elliptocytosis

• Hereditary spherocytosis

• Sickle cell disease (mainly in children)

• Thalassemia

Blood cancers and myeloproliferative neoplasms

1. Hodgkin lymphoma and other lymphomas

2. Leukemia

3. Myelofibrosis

4. Polycythemia vera

Infections

• Brucellosis

• Candidiasis

• Hepatitis

• Histoplasmosis

• Infectious mononucleosis

• Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)

• Malaria

• Psittacosis

• Subacute bacterial endocarditis

• Syphilis

• Tuberculosis

Storage diseases

• Gaucher disease

• Niemann-Pick disease

• Wolman disease

Other causes

• Amyloidosis

• Blood clot in a vein from the spleen or to the liver

• Cirrhosis

• Cysts in the spleen

• External pressure on veins from the spleen or to the liver

• Felty syndrome (a subset of people with rheumatoid arthritis who also develop low white blood cell count and an enlarged spleen)

• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis (formerly called Hand-Schüller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease)

• Sarcoidosis

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)