Dawa Zinazotumika Kutibu Baridi Yabisi ya Rumatoidi
Medication | Some Side Effects |
|---|---|
Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) | |
Hydroxychloroquine | Usually mild dermatitis (rash) and skin discoloration (may be sensitive to sunlight) Muscle aches or weakness Rarely, cardiomyopathy Eye problems |
Leflunomide | Rashes Liver disease Damage to nerves (neuropathy) Diarrhea Hair loss Birth defects |
Methotrexate | Liver disease Lung inflammation Nausea Mouth sores Decreased sperm numbers and fertility in men Hair loss Birth defects and increased risk of miscarriage |
Sulfasalazine | Stomach problems Neutropenia* (usually only when treatment begins) Breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis) Liver problems Rashes |
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors | |
Tofacitinib Baricitinib Upadacitinib | Risk of infection, particularly reactivation of chickenpox and shingles Skin cancers other than melanoma High cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia) Major cardiovascular events (for example, heart attack, stroke) Lung cancer Venous thromboembolism (for example, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) |
Adalimumab Certolizumab pegol Etanercept Golimumab Infliximab | Potential risk of reactivation of latent infection (particularly tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and fungal infections) Skin cancers other than melanoma Occasionally systemic lupus erythematosus Demyelinating neurologic disorders (such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or multiple sclerosis) Heart failure worsening |
Abatacept | Lung problems Increased susceptibility to infection Headache Upper respiratory infection Sore throat Nausea |
Anakinra | Pain, redness, and itching at injection site Increased risk of infection Neutropenia* |
Rituximab | When the medication is being given:
After the medication is given:
|
Tocilizumab Sarilumab | Neutropenia* (too few infection-fighting white blood cells) Suppression of platelet production in the bone marrow, sometimes with increased susceptibility to bleeding Increase of liver enzymes Rarely perforation of the intestine Dyslipidemia (particularly elevated low-density lipoproteins [LDL]) |
Prednisone Prednisolone | Numerous side effects throughout the body with long-term use:
|
Corticosteroids, intra-articular injections | |
Methylprednisolone acetate Triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone hexacetonide | Rarely infection at the injection site or within the joint Weakening and discoloration of the skin at injection site |
Diclofenac Ibuprofen Naproxen Many others | Upset stomach Increased blood pressure Kidney problems Possible increased risk of heart attack and stroke Possible increased risk of bruising and bleeding |
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (coxibs), such as celecoxib | Kidney problems Increased blood pressure Slightly less risk of stomach ulcer and bleeding than with other NSAIDs Possible increased risk of heart attack and stroke |
* Suppression of blood cell production in the bone marrow can lead to decreased numbers of infection-fighting white blood cells called neutrophils, increasing susceptibility to infection. | |