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MSD Manual
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Urology
Approach to the Patient With Urologic Issues
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Evaluation of the Patient With Urologic Issues
History
Physical Examination
Costovertebral angle
Abdomen
Rectum
Groin and genitals
Testing
Testing references
Bladder Catheterization
Catheters
Urethral catheterization
Suprapubic catheterization
Reference
Cystoscopy
Genitourinary Imaging Tests
Plain Radiographs Without Contrast
Radiographs With Use of Contrast
IV urography (IVU)
Percutaneous antegrade urography
Retrograde urography
Cystography and cystourethrography
Angiography
Ultrasound
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Radionuclide Scanning
Urethral Dilation
Biopsy of the Kidneys, Bladder, and Prostate
Renal biopsy
Bladder biopsy
Prostate biopsy
Urine cytology
References