antibiotic; the exact mechanism is unknown.
Pharmacokinetics
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Klebsiella and EnterobacterProteus, Providencia, Morganella, Serratia, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species are resistant. There is no cross-resistance with other antibiotic classes.
Treatment or prophylaxis of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (cystitis)
In women with recurrent urinary tract infections, it may decrease the number of episodes.
Previous allergic reaction to it
Renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 60 L/minute)
Age < 1 month
Pregnancy at term (38 to 42 weeks gestation), during labor and delivery, or when the onset of labor is imminent.
Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Gastrointestinal disturbances
Pulmonary toxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Hemolytic anemia
Hepatic toxicity
Common adverse effects are nausea and vomiting, which are less likely with the macrocrystalline form. Fever, rash, acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis (accompanied by fever and eosinophilia), and chronic progressive pulmonary interstitial fibrosis may occur. Paresthesias may result and may be followed by a severe ascending motor and sensory polyneuropathy if the drug is continued, especially in patients with renal failure.
Leukopenia and hepatic toxicity (acute cholestatic or chronic active hepatitis) have been reported, and hemolytic anemia can occur in patients with G6PD deficiency and in infants < 1 month of age.
Chronic pulmonary and hepatic reactions occur when the drug is used for > 6 months.
