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MSD Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
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Professional
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Pediatrics
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Endocrine Disorders in Children
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Endocrine Disorders in Children
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Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Complications of diabetes in children
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of diabetes in children
Initial evaluation and testing
Diagnosis of diabetes type
Testing for complications and other disorders
Screening for diabetes
Treatment
Lifestyle modifications
Glucose and HbA1c target levels
Type 1 diabetes insulin regimens
Type 1 diabetes management of complications
Type 2 diabetes treatment
Monogenic diabetes treatment
Monitoring glucose and HbA1c levels
Screening for complications of diabetes
Treatment reference
Key Points
More Information
Hyperthyroidism in Infants and Children
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Key Points
Hypothyroidism in Infants and Children
Etiology
Congenital hypothyroidism
Acquired hypothyroidism
Etiology reference
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis reference
Treatment
When to treat
Treatment regimens
Monitoring
Key Points
More Information
Congenital Goiter
Etiology
Dyshormonogenesis
Transplacental passage of maternal antibodies
Transplacental passage of goitrogens
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Precocious Puberty
Classification
Etiology
GnRH-dependent precocious puberty
GnRH-independent precocious puberty
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment references
Key Points
Delayed Puberty
General reference
Symptoms and Signs
Manifestations of possible causes of delayed puberty
Diagnosis
Criteria for delayed puberty
Hormonal testing
Imaging studies
Genetic testing
Treatment
Key Points
Male Hypogonadism in Children
Classification
Primary hypogonadism
Secondary hypogonadism
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Provocative testing
Provocative testing reference
Treatment
Key Points
More Information
Overview of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency
General references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 11Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
General references
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points