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Common Causes of Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding

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Common Causes of Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding
Upper GI tract*†
Duodenal ulcer (15–29%)† Gastric ulcer (14–16%)† Varices (5–33%) Mallory-Weiss tear (6–15%) Gastric or duodenal erosions (3–15%) Erosive esophagitis (2–15%) Angioma (1–5%) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (1–5%) Arteriovenous malformations (< 5%) Hemobilia
Lower GI tract (percentages vary with the age group sampled)
Anal fissures Angiodysplasia (vascular ectasia) Colitis: Radiation, ischemic, infectious Colonic carcinoma Colonic polyps Diverticular disease Inflammatory bowel disease: Ulcerative proctitis/colitis, Crohn disease Internal hemorrhoids
Small-bowel lesions (rare)
Angiomas Arteriovenous malformations Meckel diverticulum Tumors
* Hwang JH, Fisher DA, Ben-Menachem T, et al; Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. The role of endoscopy in the management of acute non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012 Jun;75(6):1132-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.033; Kim JJ, Sheibani S, Park S, Buxbaum J, Laine L. Causes of bleeding and outcomes in patients hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(2):113-118. doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e318297fb40 † Combined gastric and duodenal ulcers may account for up to 50% of upper GI bleeding.