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Professional
Consumer
MSD Manual
Consumer Version
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
SYMPTOMS
EMERGENCIES
RESOURCES
COMMENTARY
ABOUT US
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
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Health Topics
Mouth and Dental Disorders
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Biology of the Mouth and Teeth
Biology of the Teeth
Tooth eruption
Biology of the Mouth
Effects of Aging on the Mouth and Teeth
Symptoms of Oral and Dental Disorders
Bad Breath
Other breath odors
Causes
Common causes
Less common causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Essentials for Older Adults
Key Points
More Information
Dry Mouth
Causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Symptom control
Essentials for Older Adults
Key Points
More Information
Malocclusion
Causes
Treatment
More Information
Color Changes and Spots in the Mouth
Teeth Grinding
Treatment
More Information
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Mouth Sores and Inflammation
Causes
Viral infections
Other infections
Injury or irritation
Tobacco
Medications and radiation therapy
Systemic disorders
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Topical treatments
Key Points
More Information
Mouth Growths
Causes
Noncancerous mouth growths
Precancerous changes in the mouth
Oral cancer
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
More Information
Toothache
Causes
Complications
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor or a dentist
What the dentist does
Testing
Treatment
Essentials for Older Adults
Key Points
More Information
Lip and Tongue Disorders
Burning Mouth Syndrome
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Lip Sores, Lip Inflammation, and Other Changes
Cheilitis
Lips and Sun Damage
Lip and Tongue Swelling
Tongue Discoloration and Other Changes
Tongue color changes
Tongue surface changes
Tongue Discomfort
Tongue Injury
Tongue Sores and Bumps
Periodontal Diseases
Dental Implant–Related Conditions
Implant-related mucositis
Peri-implantitis
Peri-implant deficiencies of soft and/or hard tissues
Gingivitis
Gingivitis Due to Plaque
Gingivitis due to medications
Gingivitis due to vitamin deficiency
Gingivitis due to hormone changes
Gingivitis due to leukemia
Gingivitis Not Due to Plaque
Gingivitis due to infections
Gingivitis due to an impacted tooth (pericoronitis)
More Information
Periodontitis
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Gum Recession
Treatment
More Information
Temporomandibular Disorders
Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs)
Causes
Temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome
Internal temporomandibular joint derangement
Arthritis
Ankylosis
Hypermobility
Symptoms
Temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome
Internal temporomandibular joint derangement
Arthritis
Ankylosis
Hypermobility
Abnormal jaw bone growth
Diagnosis
Treatment
Temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome
Internal temporomandibular joint derangement
Arthritis
Ankylosis
Hypermobility
Abnormal jaw bone growth
Tooth Disorders
Overview of Tooth Disorders
Symptoms
Cosmetic Dentistry
More Information
Cavities
Risk factors for cavities
Progression of tooth decay
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Fillings
Root canal treatment and tooth extraction
Prevention
Oral hygiene
Diet
Fluoride
Sealants
Antibacterial therapy
More Information
Pulpitis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
More Information
Periapical Abscess
More Information
Impacted Teeth
More Information
Dental Appliances
Bridges, Crowns, and Implants
Dentures
Problems with dentures
Dental Appliances and Surgery
More Information
Urgent Dental Problems
Introduction to Urgent Dental Problems
More Information
Fractured, Loosened, or Knocked-Out Teeth
Fractured teeth
Loosened teeth
Knocked-out teeth
More Information
Jaw Dislocation
Complications After Dental Treatment
Swelling and pain
Bleeding
Dry socket (alveolitis)
Osteomyelitis
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
