Sleep and Wakefulness Disorders

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• Approach to the Patient With a Sleep or Wakefulness Disorder
  • Pathophysiology
  • Etiology
  • Evaluation
    • History
    • Physical examination
    • Red flags
    • Interpretation of findings
    • Testing
    • Evaluation reference
  • Treatment
    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
    • Hypnotics
    • Other drugs used to treat insomnia
  • Key Points

• Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
  • Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, jet lag type (jet lag disorder)
  • Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type (shift work disorder)
  • Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, altered sleep phase types

• Idiopathic Hypersomnia
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

• Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)
  • Inadequate sleep hygiene
  • Adjustment insomnia
  • Psychophysiologic insomnia
  • Insomnia related to physical disorders
  • Insomnia related to mental disorders
  • Insufficient sleep syndrome (sleep deprivation)
  • Drug-related sleep disorders

• Narcolepsy
  • Symptoms and Signs
    • Excessive daytime sleepiness
    • Cataplexy
    • Sleep paralysis
    • Hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations
    • Disturbed nocturnal sleep
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points

• Parasomnias
  • Somnambulism
  • Sleep (night) terrors
  • Nightmares
  • Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder
  • Sleep-related leg cramps

• Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Key Points

• Snoring
  • Pathophysiology
  • Etiology
    • Primary snoring
    • Sleep-disordered breathing
    • Complications
    • Risk factors
  • Evaluation
    • History
    • Physical examination
    • Red flags
    • Interpretation of findings
    • Testing
  • Treatment
    • General measures
    • Oral appliances
    • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
    • Surgery
  • Key Points