Masikio yanaweza kukosa, kuwa na umbo lililoharibika, au kutokua kikamilifu wakati wa kuzaliwa.
Kasoro za kuzaliwa nazo, pia zinajulikana kama hali zisizo za kawaida wakati wa kuzaliwa, ni kasoro za kimwili zinazotokea kabla ya mtoto kuzaliwa. "Kuzaliwa" inamaanisha "kuwepo wakati wa kuzaliwa." (Tazama pia Utangulizi wa Kasoro za Kuzaliwa za Uso na Fuvu la Kichwa.)
Kasoro za kuzaliwa za sikio ni pamoja na zifuatazo:
Microtia, ambalo ni sikio dogo la nje lenye umbo dogo au lisilokua vizuri (pinna)
Atresia ya mfereji wa sikio wa nje, ambao ni mfereji wa sikio uliofungwa kwa sehemu au kikamilifu
Masikio yaliyoya chini, ambapo masikio yapo chini ya nafasi yao ya kawaida kichwani
Matundu ya sikio na vipande kwenye sikio, ambavyo ni kasoro ndogo ambazo kwa kawaida huwa mbele ya sikio
Microtia na atresia ya mfereji wa kusikia wa nje mara nyingi hutokea pamoja na kwa kawaida hutambuliwa wakati wa kuzaliwa au mara tu baada ya kuzaliwa. Katika hali mbaya, mfereji wa sikio unaweza kukosa.
Masikio yaliyo chini yanaweza kutokea pamoja na dalili kadhaa za kijenetiki na mara nyingi watoto huwa na ucheleweshaji wa ukuaji. Masikio huchukuliwa kuwa ya chini ikiwa sehemu ya juu ya sikio iko chini ya pembe za nje za macho.
Matundu ya sikio na vipande kwenye sikio ni kasoro za kawaida za kuzaliwa nazo. Huenda ikawa ishara kwamba watoto wana matatizo mengine, kwa hivyo madaktari mara nyingi huwapima kwa ajili ya kupoteza uwezo wa kusikia na kasoro nyingine za kuzaliwa nazo. Watoto walio na matundu ya sikio wako katika hatari kubwa ya kupata matatizo ya figo, kwa hivyo madaktari wanaweza pia kufanya uchunguzi wa picha ya mawimbi ya sauti wa figo.
This photo shows a small and deformed external ear (microtia). Microtia is a birth defect.
This photo shows a small and deformed external ear (microtia). Microtia is a birth defect.
© Springer Science+Business Media
This photo shows a child who has low-set ears and other facial features of a disorder called r(18) syndrome. Low-set ears are a birth defect.
This photo shows a child who has low-set ears and other facial features of a disorder called r(18) syndrome. Low-set ea
© Springer Science+Business Media
This photo shows a child with 2 ear pits, which are birth defects. The black arrow points to an ear pit that appears in a spot where ear pits more commonly occur. The white arrow points to an ear pit that appears in a spot where ear pits less commonly occur.
This photo shows a child with 2 ear pits, which are birth defects. The black arrow points to an ear pit that appears in
© Springer Science+Business Media
This photo shows an ear tag (arrow), which is a common birth defect.
This photo shows an ear tag (arrow), which is a common birth defect.
© Springer Science+Business Media
This photo shows a small and deformed external ear (microtia). Microtia is a birth defect.
This photo shows a small and deformed external ear (microtia). Microtia is a birth defect.
© Springer Science+Business Media
This photo shows a child who has low-set ears and other facial features of a disorder called r(18) syndrome. Low-set ears are a birth defect.
This photo shows a child who has low-set ears and other facial features of a disorder called r(18) syndrome. Low-set ea
© Springer Science+Business Media
This photo shows a child with 2 ear pits, which are birth defects. The black arrow points to an ear pit that appears in a spot where ear pits more commonly occur. The white arrow points to an ear pit that appears in a spot where ear pits less commonly occur.
This photo shows a child with 2 ear pits, which are birth defects. The black arrow points to an ear pit that appears in
© Springer Science+Business Media
This photo shows an ear tag (arrow), which is a common birth defect.
This photo shows an ear tag (arrow), which is a common birth defect.
© Springer Science+Business Media
Utambuzi wa kasoro za sikio
Tathmini ya daktari
Vipimo vya uwezo wa kusikia
Vipimo vya upigaji picha wa fuvu
Wakati mwingine, upimaji wa jeni
Madaktari wanaweza kutambua kasoro nyingi za sikio wakati wa uchunguzi wa kimwili.
Madaktari hufanya vipimo vya uwezo wa kusikia ili kuona kama uwezo wa kusikia umeathiriwa na pia hufanya vipimo vya picha za fuvu ili kuangalia matatizo ya mifupa.
Mtoto aliye na kasoro za kuzaliwa nazo kwenye sikio anaweza kupimwa na mtaalamu wa kijenetiki. Mtaalamu wa kijenetiki ni daktari ambaye ni mtaalamu wa jenetiki (sayansi ya jeni na jinsi sifa au sifa fulani bainishi zinavyopitishwa kutoka kwa wazazi hadi kwa watoto). Upimaji wa kijenetiki wa sampuli ya damu ya mtoto unaweza kufanywa ili kuangalia kasoro za kromosomu na jeni. Upimaji huu unaweza kuwasaidia madaktari kubaini kama tatizo maalum la kijenetiki ndilo chanzo na kufutilia mbali sababu nyingine.
Matibabu ya kasoro za Sikio
Upasuaji
Kifaa cha kusaidia kusikia
Matibabu ya kasoro za sikio yanaweza kuhusisha upasuaji wa kujenga upya ili kuunda sikio la nje linaloonekana la kawaida na kuunda mfereji wa sikio wa nje.
Wakati mwingine, kifaa cha kusaidia kusikia kinahitajika.
Kwa sababu jeni zisizo za kawaida zinaweza kuhusika katika uundaji wa kasoro za kuzaliwa za sikio, familia zilizoathiriwa zinaweza kufaidika na ushauri wa kijenetiki.
