Disorders Causing Secondary Headache

Disorders Causing Secondary Headache

Cause

Examples

Extracranial disorders

Carotid or vertebral artery dissection (which also causes neck pain)

Dental disorders (eg, infection, temporomandibular joint dysfunction)

Glaucoma

Sinusitis

Intracranial disorders

Brain tumors and other masses

Chiari type I malformation

Cerebrospinal fluid leak with low-pressure headache

Hemorrhage (intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Infections (eg, abscess, encephalitis, meningitis, subdural empyema)

Meningitis, noninfectious (eg, carcinomatous, chemical)

Obstructive hydrocephalus

Vascular disorders (eg, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, vascular malformations, vasculitis, venous sinus thrombosis)

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Systemic disorders

Acute severe hypertension

Bacteremia

Fever

Giant cell arteritis

Hypercapnia

Hypoxia (including altitude sickness)

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)

Viral infections

Medications, other substances, and toxins

Analgesic overuse

Caffeine withdrawalCaffeine withdrawal

Carbon monoxide

Hormone therapy (eg, estrogen)

Nitrates

Proton pump inhibitors