Causes of Interstitial Lung Disease
Category | Examples |
|---|---|
Systemic rheumatic disorders | Ankylosing spondylitis (rare) Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (particularly, antisynthetase syndrome) |
Medications and illicit drugs | Selected list*: Amiodarone, bleomycin, busulfan, carbamazepine, checkpoint inhibitors, chlorambucil, Amiodarone, bleomycin, busulfan, carbamazepine, checkpoint inhibitors, chlorambucil,cocaine, cyclophosphamide, phenytoin, flecainide, heroin, melphalan, methotrexate, methylphenidate, , cyclophosphamide, phenytoin, flecainide, heroin, melphalan, methotrexate, methylphenidate,mineral oil (via chronic microaspiration), nitrofurantoin, nitrosoureas, procarbazine, silicone (subcutaneous injection)(via chronic microaspiration), nitrofurantoin, nitrosoureas, procarbazine, silicone (subcutaneous injection) |
Genetic disorders | Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Niemann-Pick disease (rare) Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis |
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias | Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia Desquamative interstitial pneumonia Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia Respiratory bronchiolitis–associated interstitial lung disease |
Occupational and environmental exposure | Inorganic (selected): Aluminosis (caused by exposure to metallic aluminum powder), asbestosis, baritosis, beryllium disease, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, exposure to hard metals (eg, cadmium, cobalt, titanium oxide, tungsten, vanadium carbides), radiation fibrosis, siderosis, silicosis, stannosis, talc pneumoconiosis Organic (selected): Bagassosis, bird fancier’s lung, farmer’s lung, hot tub lung, humidifier lung, malt worker’s lung, maple bark stripper’s lung, mushroom worker’s lung, tea grower’s lung (see Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis) |
Vasculitis | Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis |
Miscellaneous disorders | Chronic aspiration Eosinophilic pneumonia, acute and chronic Lipoid pneumonia |
* For a comprehensive list of drugs with pulmonary toxicity, see The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website. | |