Вірусний гепатит
Principal Syndromes | Prevalence and Distribution | Specific Therapy | Specific Prevention* |
|---|---|---|---|
Hepatitis A (acute) | Global, often epidemic | None | Immune globulin, vaccine |
Hepatitis B (acute and chronic) | Global | Interferon, other antivirals, including nucleoside analogs (eg, entecavir) and nucleotide analogs (eg, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) | Screening for hepatitis B surface antigen Vaccine, hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) |
Hepatitis C (acute and chronic) | Global | Interferon, ribavirin, direct-acting antivirals (eg, protease inhibitors, nucleotide analog inhibitors, nonstructural protein 5A [NS5A] inhibitors) | Screening for hepatitis C |
Hepatitis D (delta) | Endemic pockets in several countries People who inject illicit drugs at relatively high risk Can infect only in the presence of hepatitis B | Interferon | None |
Outbreaks Genotypes 1 and 2: Developing countries Genotypes 3 and 4: Europe; transmitted by eating undercooked pork products Severe during pregnancy | None | Vaccine (not available in United States) | |
* Nonspecific precautions (eg, avoidance of body fluids of infected patients, aseptic precautions, routine hygiene measures, and use of appropriate personal protective equipment) are also recommended. | |||