Склад сечових конкрементів
Composition | Percentage of All Calculi* | Common Causes |
|---|---|---|
Calcium oxalate | 40–80 | Hypercalciuria Hypocitruria |
Calcium phosphate | 18–24 | Hypercalciuria Hyperparathyroidism Hypocitruria |
Cystine | 1–2 | |
Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) | 5–15 | Urinary tract infection caused by urea-splitting bacteria |
Uric acid | 5–10 | Urine pH < 5.5 Hyperuricosuria (occasionally) |
*Total percentages add up to more than 100% because approximately 40% of calculi are mixed in composition. Data adapted from the following sources: Singh P, Enders FT, Vaughan LE, et al. Stone Composition Among First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stone Formers in the Community. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(10):1356-1365. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.016; Moe OW. Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management. Lancet. 2006;367(9507):333-344. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68071-9 Zreik R, Pilosov Solomon I, Saliba W, et al. The relationship between patients' kidney stone type and demographics in Israel: analysis of 10 K patients. World J Urol. 2023;41(6):1641-1646. doi:10.1007/s00345-023-04424-w Zhang D, Li S, Zhang Z, et al. Urinary stone composition analysis and clinical characterization of 1520 patients in central China. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6467. Published 2021 Mar 19. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85723-3 Scales CD Jr, Curtis LH, Norris RD, et al. Changing gender prevalence of stone disease. J Urol. 2007;177(3):979-982. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.069 Tundo G, Vollstedt A, Meeks W, Pais V. Beyond Prevalence: Annual Cumulative Incidence of Kidney Stones in the United States. J Urol. 2021;205(6):1704-1709. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000001629 | ||