[{"Title":"Eksirei za kawaida","UniqueID":"v12804697_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

X-rays are usually not helpful in evaluating urinary tract disorders. Sometimes x-rays can help detect certain types of kidney stones and monitor their position and growth. Some types of kidney stones do not show up on plain x-rays.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Atrasonografia","UniqueID":"v12804700_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Ultrasonography is a useful imaging technique because it

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Tomografia ya kompyuta","UniqueID":"v12804713_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Computed tomography (CT) provides images of the urinary tract and structures that surround it. CT angiography , a less invasive alternative to conventional angiography , is useful for evaluating many urinary tract conditions. A radiopaque contrast agent is sometimes given by vein (intravenously). After the contrast agent is given, images are taken immediately to provide more detail about the kidneys and sometimes 10 minutes later to provide more detail about the muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters).

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Upigaji picha kwa mvumo wa sumaku","UniqueID":"v12804720_sw","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), like CT, provides images of the urinary tract and surrounding structures. Unlike CT, MRI does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation. MRI can be used to provide images of blood vessels (called magnetic resonance angiography, or MRA). For some disorders, MRI provides more detail than CT. However, MRI does not provide much useful information about stones in the urinary tract .

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Urografia ya mshipani","UniqueID":"v12804725_sw","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

Intravenous urography (IVU, also called intravenous pyelography [IVP]) uses a radiopaque contrast agent given through a vein to provide an x-ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It is rarely done today. Usually, CT with the use of a radiopaque contrast agent is done instead.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Urografia ya kurudi nyuma","UniqueID":"v12804730_sw","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

In retrograde urography, a radiopaque contrast agent is introduced directly into the ureters or the collecting system of the kidney. This procedure is usually done during cystoscopy or another routine urologic procedure such as ureteroscopy (insertion of a catheter into the ureters) or placement of a stent in the ureter or kidney. The urinary tract can be examined, including the parts of the kidney through which urine drains.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Urografia ya mbele kupitia ngozi","UniqueID":"v12804735_sw","Index":7.0,"Summary":"

In percutaneous antegrade urography, a radiopaque contrast agent is introduced directly into the parts of the kidney through which urine drains through an opening in the back (called a nephrostomy opening). This test may be done if retrograde urography cannot be done (for example, if the instrument's insertion path is blocked) or if a person already has a nephrostomy tube used to treat a disorder such as a tumor or stone that blocks the urinary tract.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Sistografia na sistourethrografia","UniqueID":"v12804739_sw","Index":8.0,"Summary":"

Cystography is any test that provides bladder images after a radiopaque contrast agent is introduced into the bladder (for example, through a cystoscope or a catheter in the urethra). Cystography is used most commonly to detect a hole in the bladder, which may occur after an injury or surgery.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Urethrografia ya kurudi nyuma","UniqueID":"v36934434_sw","Index":9.0,"Summary":"

In retrograde urethrography, a radiopaque contrast agent is introduced directly into the end of the urethra using either a syringe with a special adapter or a urethral catheter placed only a few centimeters into the urethra with the balloon partially inflated so that it fits snugly. The radiopaque contrast agent is injected into the urethra and fills the entire urethra to visualize any injury or strictures . This test is typically used in people who have experienced trauma that may have injured the urethra. Physicians do retrograde urethrography to make sure that placing a urethral catheter into the bladder is safe and will not injure the urethra.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Tomografia ya utoaji wa positroni","UniqueID":"v66226287_sw","Index":10.0,"Summary":"

Newly available nuclear positron emission tomographic (PET) contrast agents can detect prostate cancer that has spread (metastasized) to other areas of the body. This nuclear contrast agent targets PMSA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) on the surface of prostate cancer cells, which then show up on a PET scan.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Uchanganuzi wa radionuklidi","UniqueID":"v12804745_sw","Index":11.0,"Summary":"

Radionuclide scanning of the kidneys is an imaging technique that relies on the detection of small amounts of radiation by a special gamma camera after the injection of a radioactive chemical. This procedure is most commonly used to assess kidney blood flow and urine production.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Angiografia","UniqueID":"v12804750_sw","Index":12.0,"Summary":"

Angiography (sometimes called conventional angiography to differentiate it from CT angiography and magnetic resonance angiography) involves injecting a radiopaque contrast agent directly into an artery. In people who have urinary tract disorders, this test is used because it can be combined with treatments that repair blood vessels affected by certain disorders, such as severe bleeding or abnormal connections between blood vessels (vascular fistulas).

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]