[{"Title":"sukari kwenye damu","UniqueID":"v25184558_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

The three major nutrients that make up most food are carbohydrates , proteins , and fats . Sugars are one of three types of carbohydrates, along with starch and fiber.

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Insulin, a hormone released from the pancreas (an organ behind the stomach that also produces digestive enzymes), controls the amount of glucose in the blood. Glucose in the bloodstream stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin helps glucose to move from the blood into the cells. Once inside the cells, glucose is converted to energy, which is used immediately, or the glucose is stored as fat or the starch glycogen until it is needed.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Aina za ugonjwa wa kisukari","UniqueID":"v772819_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels are too high to be considered normal but not high enough to be labeled diabetes. People have prediabetes if their fasting blood glucose level is between 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) and 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) or if their blood glucose level 2 hours after a glucose tolerance test is between 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) and 199 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L). Prediabetes carries a higher risk of future diabetes as well as heart disease. Decreasing body weight by 5 to 10% through diet and exercise can significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Hatua ya awali ya kisukari","UniqueID":"v772821_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Uchunguzi wa kisukari cha aina ya 1","UniqueID":"v772825_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Kisukari cha aina ya 2","UniqueID":"v772834_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Dalili","UniqueID":"v772851_sw","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Many patients with diabetes may have no symptoms, especially in the early phase of the disease. However, the two types of diabetes can have very similar symptoms if the blood glucose is significantly elevated.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Uchunguzi wa kisukari cha aina ya 1","UniqueID":"v772860_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Kisukari cha aina ya 2","UniqueID":"v772870_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Matatizo ya kisukari","UniqueID":"v25184620_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Utambuzi wa Ugonjwa","UniqueID":"v773034_sw","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

Measuring the level of glucose in the blood

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Vipimo vya glukosi kwenye damu","UniqueID":"v25184645_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

Measuring the level of glucose in the blood

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Hemoglobini ya A1C","UniqueID":"v25184649_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Measuring the level of glucose in the blood

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Kipimo cha uvumilivu wa glukosi kwa njia ya mdomo","UniqueID":"v25184655_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Measuring the level of glucose in the blood

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Uchunguzi wa ugonjwa wa kisukari cha aina ya 2","UniqueID":"v84914494_sw","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

Blood glucose levels are often checked during a routine physical examination. Checking the levels of glucose in the blood regularly is particularly important in older adults because diabetes is so common in later life. People may have diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, and not know it.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Uchunguzi wa kisukari cha aina ya 1","UniqueID":"v84914498_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Uchunguzi wa kisukari cha aina ya 2","UniqueID":"v84914502_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Matibabu","UniqueID":"v773058_sw","Index":7.0,"Summary":"

Diet

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[{"Title":"Matiababu ya kawaida ya kisukari","UniqueID":"v25184714_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

Diet

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[{"Title":"Lishe kwa watu wenye kisukari","UniqueID":"v25184718_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

Diet management is very important for people with either type of diabetes mellitus. Doctors recommend a healthy, balanced diet and efforts to maintain a healthy weight. People with diabetes can benefit from meeting with a dietitian or a diabetes educator to develop an optimal eating plan. Such a plan includes

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Mazoezi kwa watu walio na kisukari","UniqueID":"v25184727_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Exercise, in appropriate amounts (at least 150 minutes a week spread out over at least 3 days), can also help people control their weight and improve blood glucose levels. Because blood glucose levels go down during exercise, people must be alert for symptoms of hypoglycemia . Some people need to eat a small snack during prolonged exercise, decrease their insulin dose, or both.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Kupunguza uzito kwa watu walio na kisukari","UniqueID":"v35584580_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Many people, especially those with type 2 diabetes, have overweight or obesity. Some people with type 2 diabetes may be able to avoid or delay the need to take medications by achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Weight loss is also important in these people because excess weight contributes to complications of diabetes. When people with obesity and diabetes have trouble losing weight with diet and exercise alone, doctors may give a weight-loss medication or recommend bariatric surgery (surgery to cause weight loss). Certain diabetes medications can induce weight loss , especially glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor medications.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Matibabu ya kuzuia matatizo ya kisukari","UniqueID":"v84914546_sw","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Because diabetes eventually affects blood vessels throughout the body, people with diabetes are likely to develop complications related to problems with blood vessels. Glucose that remains high for long periods causes build-up in the walls of blood vessels, causing them to thicken and leak and risking development of atherosclerosis, stroke, eye problems, and other problems.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Matibabu ya dawa ya kisukari","UniqueID":"v25184731_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Diet

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Kupandikiza kongosho","UniqueID":"v773396_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Diet

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Watu ambao wana udhaifu au wana matatizo ya kiafya","UniqueID":"v35584622_sw","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Diet

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[{"Title":"Elimu","UniqueID":"v35584628_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

In addition to learning about diabetes itself, people with many medical problems may have to learn how to fit management of diabetes in with their management of other conditions. Learning about how to avoid complications, such as dehydration, skin breakdown, and circulation problems, and to manage factors that can contribute to complications of diabetes, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels, is especially important. Such problems become more common as people age, whether they have diabetes or not.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Mlo","UniqueID":"v35584631_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

Many older adults have difficulty following a healthy, balanced diet that can control blood glucose levels and weight. Changing long-held food preferences and dietary habits may be hard. Some people have other disorders that can be affected by diet and may not understand how to integrate the dietary recommendations for their various disorders.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Mazoezi","UniqueID":"v35584635_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

Some people may have a difficult time adding exercise to their daily life, particularly if they have not been active in the past or if they have a disorder that limits their movement, such as arthritis. However, they may be able to add exercise to their usual routine. For example, people can walk instead of drive or climb the stairs instead of taking the elevator.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Dawa","UniqueID":"v35584638_sw","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

Taking the medications used to treat diabetes, particularly insulin, may be difficult for some people. For those with vision problems or other problems that make accurately filling a syringe difficult, a caregiver can prepare the syringes ahead of time and store them in the refrigerator. People whose insulin dose is stable may purchase prefilled syringes. Prefilled insulin pen devices may be easier for people with physical limitations. Some of these devices have large numbers and easy-to-turn dials.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Kuchunguza Kiwango cha glukosi kwenye damu","UniqueID":"v35584644_sw","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

Poor vision, limited manual dexterity due to arthritis, tremor, or stroke, or other physical limitations may make monitoring blood glucose levels more difficult for some people. However, special monitors are available. Some have large numerical displays that are easier to read. Some provide audible instructions and results. Some monitors read blood glucose levels through the skin and do not require a blood sample. People can consult a diabetes educator to determine which meter is most appropriate.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Hipoglisemia","UniqueID":"v35584647_sw","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

The most common complication of treating high blood glucose levels is low blood glucose levels ( hypoglycemia ). The risk is greatest for people who are frail, who are sick enough to require frequent hospital admissions, or who are taking several medications. Of all available medications to treat diabetes, long-acting sulfonylurea medications or insulin are most likely to cause low blood glucose levels in people with severe or many medical problems and especially in older adults. When they take these medications, these people are also more likely to have serious symptoms, such as fainting and falling, and to have difficulty thinking or using parts of the body due to low blood glucose levels.

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Watu walio na ugumu katika kudumisha viwango vya glukosi kwenye damu","UniqueID":"v35584619_sw","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

Diet

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"possibleTreatment\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Kufuatilia matibabu ya Kisukari","UniqueID":"v84914553_sw","Index":8.0,"Summary":"

Monitoring blood glucose levels is an essential part of diabetes care. Routine blood glucose monitoring provides the information needed to make necessary adjustments in medications, diet, and exercise regimens. It is potentially harmful to wait until there are symptoms of low or high blood glucose levels to check blood glucose.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Malengo ya matibabu ya kisukari","UniqueID":"v84914557_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Kuchunguza Kiwango cha glukosi kwenye damu","UniqueID":"v84914586_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Hemoglobini ya A1C","UniqueID":"v84914608_sw","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Fructosamine","UniqueID":"v84914612_sw","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Glukosi kwenye mkojo","UniqueID":"v84914619_sw","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Kuzuia","UniqueID":"v35584652_sw","Index":9.0,"Summary":"

No treatments can completely prevent type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, family members of people with type 1 diabetes may have screening tests done and if the tests show they have anti-insulin antibodies, but have not yet had symptoms of diabetes (stage 1), they may benefit from a medication (teplizumab). This medication may prolong the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin and delay the onset of symptoms of type 1 diabetes.

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[{"Title":"Uchunguzi wa kisukari cha aina ya 1","UniqueID":"v35584654_sw","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"Kisukari cha aina ya 2","UniqueID":"v35584657_sw","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"H_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"Taarifa Zaidi","UniqueID":"v25184782_sw","Index":10.0,"Summary":"

The following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of the resources.

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