Manifestations of Kidney Transplant Rejection by Category
Rejection Category | Time Frame | Mechanism | Manifestations |
|---|---|---|---|
Hyperacute | Minutes to hours | HLA incompatibility | Fever, anuria |
Accelerated | Days | Antibody mediated | Fever, oliguria, graft swelling and tenderness |
Acute | Days to week | T-cell or antibody mediated | Fever, increased serum creatinine, hypertension, weight gain, graft swelling and tenderness Appearance of protein, lymphocytes, and renal tubular cells in urine sediment |
Chronic | Months to years | T-cell or antibody mediated | Proteinuria with or without hypertension, nephrotic syndrome |
HLA = human leukocyte antigen. | |||
Nankivell BJ, Alexander SI. Rejection of the kidney allograft. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(15):1451-1462. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0902927 | |||
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