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professional

Cause	Examples
Systemic rheumatic diseases	Mixed or undifferentiated connective tissue disease Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (eg, polymyositis, dermatomyositis) Rheumatoid arthritis Sjögren syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic sclerosis
Endocrine disorders	Hypothyroidism
Hematologic disorders	Cold agglutinin disease Polycythemia vera
Neoplastic disorders	Carcinoid Paraneoplastic syndrome
Neurologic disorders	Carpal tunnel syndrome
Trauma	Frostbite Vibration
Vascular disorders	Thoracic outlet syndrome
Medications and substances	Beta-blockers Cocaine Ergot preparations Nicotine Sympathomimetic medications