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MSD Manual
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Professional
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Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
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Osteonecrosis
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Osteonecrosis
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Osteonecrosis (ON)
Etiology
Traumatic osteonecrosis
Nontraumatic osteonecrosis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
General symptoms
Joint-specific symptoms
Diagnosis
Diagnosis references
Treatment
Nonsurgical treatments
Surgical treatments
Treatment references
Prevention
Key Points
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ)
References
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment reference