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Age | Behavior |
|---|---|
Birth | Sleeps much of the time Sucks on a nipple or pacifier Clears airway Responds with crying to discomforts and intrusions |
4 weeks | Brings hands toward eyes and mouth Lifts head when lying on stomach and moves head from side to side Eyes follow an object moved in an arc about 15 cm above face to the midline Responds to a noise in some way (eg, startling, crying, quieting) May turn toward familiar sounds and voices Focuses on a face |
6 weeks | Regards objects in the line of vision Begins to smile when spoken to More aware of surroundings and may look around more Head lags when pulled to a sitting position |
3 months | Holds head steady on sitting Raises head 45° when lying on stomach Opens and shuts hands Pushes down when feet are placed on a flat surface Swings at and reaches for dangling toys Follows an object moved in an arc above face from one side to the other Watches faces intently Smiles at sound of caretaker’s voice Vocalizes sounds |
5–6 months | Holds head steady when upright Sits with support Rolls over Reaches for objects Recognizes people at a distance Listens intently to human voices Smiles spontaneously Squeals in delight Babbles to toys |
7 months | Sits without support Bears some weight on legs when held upright Transfers objects from hand to hand Holds own bottle Looks for dropped object Responds to own name Responds to being told “no” Combines vowels and consonants to babble Moves body with excitement in anticipation of playing Plays peekaboo |
9 months | Sits well Crawls or creeps on hands and knees Pulls self up to standing position Works to get a toy that is out of reach; objects if toy is taken away Gets into a sitting position from stomach Stands holding on to someone or something Says "Mama" or "Dada" indiscriminately |
12 months | Walks by holding furniture (“cruising”) or others' hands May walk 1 or 2 steps without support Stands for a few moments at a time Says "Dada" and/or "Mama" to the appropriate people Drinks from a cup Claps hands and waves bye-bye Speaks several words |
18 months | Walks well Can climb stairs holding on Draws a vertical stroke Makes a tower of 4 cubes Turns several book pages at a time Speaks about 10 words Pulls toys on strings Partially feeds self |
2–2½ years | Runs well/with coordination Climbs on furniture Jumps Climbs up and down stairs without help Handles a spoon well Turns single book pages Makes a tower of 7 cubes Opens doors Scribbles in a circular pattern Puts on simple clothing Makes 2- or 3-word sentences Verbalizes toilet needs |
3 years | Mature gait while walking Rides a tricycle Favors using one hand over the other Copies a circle Dresses well except for buttons and laces Counts to 10 and uses plurals Recognizes at least 3 colors Questions constantly Feeds self well Can take care of toilet needs (in about half of children) |
4 years | Alternates feet going up and down stairs Throws a ball overhand Hops on 1 foot Copies a cross Dresses self Washes hands and face |
5 years | Skips Catches a bounced ball Copies a triangle Draws a person in 6 parts Knows 4 colors Dresses and undresses without help |
6 years | Walks along a straight line from heel to toe Writes name |
* The sequence is fairly consistent, but the timing of milestones varies; times above represent median values. | |
Some data from Zubler JM, Wiggins LD, Macias MM, et al. Evidence-Informed Milestones for Developmental Surveillance Tools. Pediatrics. 2022;149(3):e2021052138. doi:10.1542/peds.2021-052138 | |