Natural, Semisynthetic, and Synthetic Opioids
Type/Class of Opioid | Opioid | Uses |
|---|---|---|
Natural: Natural opioids, which are derived directly from the opium poppy, are called opiates. | Morphine Codeine | Morphine: Moderate to severe pain , respiratory distress Codeine: Mild to moderate pain, cough suppression |
Semisynthetic: These opioids are created in laboratories by modifying natural opioids. | Heroin Oxycodone Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Buprenorphine | Heroin: Induces feelings of well-being (no legal uses) Oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone: Prescription pain relievers typically indicated for acute pain, severe pain, and pain related to cancer Hydromorphone: Also prescribed for management of moderate to severe pain Buprenorphine: Chronic pain management, maintenance therapy for opioid use disorder |
Synthetic: These opioids are created completely in the laboratory. | Tramadol Methadone Fentanyl | Tramadol: Moderate pain and chronic pain syndromes; neuropathic pain Methadone: Opioid use disorder, severe chronic pain, neuropathic pain Fentanyl: Severe acute pain, anesthesia, chronic severe pain in opioid-tolerant patients, breakthrough cancer pain |
