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Professional
Consumer
MSD Manual
Consumer Version
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
SYMPTOMS
EMERGENCIES
RESOURCES
COMMENTARY
ABOUT US
HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
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Kidney Disorders
Diagnosis of Kidney Disorders
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Kidneys
Functions of the Kidneys
Water and electrolyte balance
Filtration and excretion
Regulation of blood pressure
Secretion of hormones
Evaluation of Kidney Disorders
History
Physical Examination
Testing
Kidney Function Tests
Kidney Biopsy