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Professional
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MSD Manual
Professional Version
MEDICAL TOPICS
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Care of the Surgical Patient
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Care of the Surgical Patient
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Preoperative Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Testing
Testing references
Procedural Risk Factors
Patient Risk Factors
Cardiac risk factors
Infections
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Nutritional disorders
Patient risk factor references
More Information
Perioperative Management
Anticoagulants and antiplatelets
Corticosteroids
Diabetes
Drug dependence
Heart disease
Pulmonary disease
Other drugs that control chronic disorders
Smoking
Upper airway
Preprocedural checklist
Reference
Outpatient Procedures
Preparation
Discharge precautions
Prevention of Surgical Infections
More Information
Postoperative Care
Airway
Pain
Mental status
Wound care
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis
Fever
Urinary retention and constipation
Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia)
Other issues