Balkan nephropathy

—

Cystic diseases

Acquired cystic disease

Medullary cystic disease

Medullary sponge kidney

Nephronophthisis

Polycystic kidney disease*

Medications

Analgesics*

Chinese herbs (due to aristolochic acid†)

Granulomatous

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Inflammatory bowel disease

Sarcoidosis

Tuberculosis

Hematologic

Aplastic anemia

Leukemia

Lymphoma

Multiple myeloma*

Sickle cell anemia

Hereditary nephropathy associated with hyperuricemia and gout

—

Idiopathic

—

Immunologic

Amyloidosis

Cryoglobulinemia

Goodpasture syndrome

IgA nephropathy

Renal transplant rejection

Sarcoidosis

Sjögren syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis‡

Infection

Renal parenchymal:

• Pyelonephritis

• Hantavirus—Puumula type infection (nephropathia epidemica)

Systemic

Mechanical

Obstructive uropathy

Reflux nephropathy*

Mesoamerican nephropathy^§

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Metabolic

Chronic hypokalemia

Cystinosis

Fabry disease

Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria

Hyperoxaluria

Hyperuricemia*, hyperuricosuria

Radiation nephritis

—

Toxins

Aristolochic acid†

Heavy metals (eg, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, mercury, uranium)

Vascular

Atheroembolism

Hypertension

Renal vein thrombosis