Testicular and Scrotal Anomalies

ByRonald Rabinowitz, MD, University of Rochester Medical Center;

Jimena Cubillos, MD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

Reviewed/Revised Aug 2022

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The most common testicular and scrotal anomalies are

Congenital hydrocele
Undescended testes (cryptorchidism)
Testicular torsion

Rare anomalies include scrotal agenesis, hypoplasia, ectopia, or hemangioma; penoscrotal transposition; and bifid scrotum.

Congenital hydrocele

A congenital hydrocele is a collection of fluid in the scrotum between layers of the tunica vaginalis. It may be isolated (noncommunicating) or may communicate with the abdominal cavity through a patent processus vaginalis (a potential hernia space). Hydrocele manifests as a painless, enlarged scrotum. The condition may resolve spontaneously but usually requires repair if it persists after 12 months or if it enlarges.

Congenital hydrocele

Congenital Hydrocele

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This photo shows marked scrotal swelling caused by a hydrocele. Note the absence of inflammation.

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