Concussion

A concussion is an injury to your brain that temporarily affects your thinking and awareness.

The skull bone protects your brain. Fluid inside your skull also cushions your brain. However, if your head gets hit hard enough, your brain can move inside the skull and bump up against your skull. This may injure your brain and temporarily change the way your brain works.

• You may be knocked out (unconscious), or you may just feel confused

• Doctors may do a computed tomography (CT) scan of your head to make sure your brain isn't bleeding or bruised

• Once you get a concussion you can get future concussions more easily, especially if your brain hasn't healed

• Repeated concussions may increase your chance of getting long-term brain damage and dementia

Concussions are caused by something hitting your head very hard (head injury). This can happen when, for example, you:

• Fall and hit your head

• Are in a car or motorcycle crash

• Get punched in the head or hit on your head with an object

Many sports have a risk of concussion (see Sports-Related Concussion).

If you have a concussion, you may:

• Headache and feeling dizzy

• Poor balance

• Confusion, including being dazed or stunned, being unsure of the score or what team you are playing, or answering questions slowly

• Memory loss, such as not knowing team plays or not remembering what happened before or after the injury

• Double vision and sensitivity to light

• Occasionally, brief loss of consciousness

• Being clumsy

Your doctor can tell you've had a concussion based on the symptoms you had after having a head injury.

In order to tell whether you've had any brain injury, doctors sometimes:

• Do computerized tomography (CT) scan of your head to make sure your brain isn't bleeding or bruised

You may not need a CT scan if your symptoms went away in a few minutes after your head injury.

Your doctor will have you:

• Rest

• Take acetaminophen if you have a headacheTake acetaminophen if you have a headache

Don’t play contact sports, which put you at higher risk of concussion, until your doctor says your head injury is completely healed and that you can return to play.