honeypot link

MSD Manual

Please confirm that you are not located inside the Russian Federation

Yes No
Brought to you by
MSD Manual
Consumer Version
The trusted provider of medical information since 1899
Health Topics & Chapters
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Home /
StandaloneMedia /
Risk Factors for Primary Osteoporosis

Risk Factors for Primary Osteoporosis

  • Family members with osteoporosis

  • A diet that is low in calcium and vitamin D

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • White or Asian race

  • Thin build

  • Early menopause

  • Cigarette smoking

  • Excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption

MSD and the MSD Manuals

Merck and Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside of the US and Canada) is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world.  The Manual was first published in 1899 as a service to the community.  The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual in the remainder of the world. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge.

View Privacy Shield Verification Status
View APEC CBPR Privacy Certification Status

This website is certified by Health On the Net Foundation. Click to verify. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information:
verify here.

© 2021 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA