Drugs Commonly Used to Treat Endometriosis
Drugs Commonly Used to Treat Endometriosis
Drug | Some Side Effects | Comments |
|---|---|---|
Combination estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives | ||
Ethinyl estradiol plus a progestin | Abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, increased appetite, ankle swelling, nausea, bleeding between periods (breakthrough bleeding), mood swings, and blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) Rarely an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease | Oral contraceptives Oral Contraceptives Contraceptive hormones can be Taken by mouth (oral contraceptives) Inserted into the vagina (vaginal rings) Applied to the skin (patch) Implanted under the skin read more |
Progestins | ||
An intrauterine device Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small, flexible, T-shaped plastic devices that are inserted into the uterus. In the United States, 12% of women who use contraception use IUDs. IUDs are popular... read more | Irregular menstrual bleeding and stopping of periods (after the IUD has been in place for a while) | These IUDs release levonorgestrel for 3 or more years. They must be inserted and removed by a doctor. They are appropriate for women who do not wish to become pregnant or who wish to delay pregnancy. |
Medroxyprogesterone acetate | Bleeding between periods, mood swings, depression, weight gain, and vaginal dryness | Progestins are drugs that resemble the hormone progesterone. They can be given by mouth or by injection into a muscle. |
Norethindrone acetate | Irregular menstrual bleeding, mood swings, depression, and constipation | This drug is taken by mouth at bedtime. It is commonly used in birth control pills. |
GnRH agonists* | ||
Goserelin | Hot flashes, changes in vulvar, vaginal, and urinary tract tissue similar to those in menopause, a decrease in bone density, mood swings, headache, muscle aches and stiff joints, acne, and a reduced sex drive | Goserelin is injected under the skin every 28 days. Six doses are given. |
Leuprolide Nafarelin | Leuprolide may be injected under the skin once a day or injected into a muscle once a month or once every 3 months. Nafarelin is used as a nasal spray. | |
Triptorelin | Triptorelin is injected into a muscle every 28 days for 6 doses, or a higher dose is injected into a muscle every 3 months. The injection site may be painful or irritated. | |
GnRH antagonist | ||
Elagolix | Hot flashes, changes in vulvar, vaginal, and urinary tract tissue similar to those in menopause, a decrease in bone density, mood swings, headaches, stiff joints, muscle aches, and a reduced sex drive | If elagolix is taken for more than 6 months, doctors may give women small doses of a progestin to minimize the decrease in bone density. |
Relugolix combined with estradiol and norethindrone | Same side effects as elagolix but less severe | If relugolix is taken for more than 24 months, bone loss may continue and may be irreversible. |
Androgen | ||
Danazol | Weight gain, acne, lowering of the voice, increased body hair, hot flashes, changes in vulvar, vaginal, and urinary tract tissue similar to those in menopause, ankle swelling, muscle cramps, bleeding between periods, decreased breast size, mood swings, liver malfunction, carpal tunnel syndrome, and adverse effects on cholesterol levels in the blood | Danazol, a synthetic hormone related to testosterone, inhibits the activity of estrogen and progesterone. It is taken by mouth. The usefulness of danazol may be limited by its side effects. |
* GnRH agonists are often given with a bisphosphonate (used to treat osteoporosis Medications Osteoporosis is a condition in which a decrease in the density of bones weakens the bones, making breaks (fractures) likely. Aging, estrogen deficiency, low vitamin D or calcium intake, and... read more | ||
GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone. | ||
